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What developments in American society reinforced concerns by the time Americans debated the fate of the Philippines? Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis. Art Acc.# 1882.18.32. 12 According to a Bureau of Indian Affairs clerk at the Crow reservation, this drawing was made by Carlisle school boys. His notes on the draw- ing read: “Major Wyman, […]

Luther Standing Bear Recalls Carlisle (1933) At the age of eleven years, ancestral life for me and my people was most abruptly ended without regard for our wishes, comforts, or rights in the matter. At once I was thrust into an alien world, into an environment as Source: Reprinted from Land of the Spotted Eagle

Indians and the White Man’s Education Sources 10–13 in this section were written or created by Native Americans and reflect the Native American experience at Indian schools. As you examine all the sources in this section, consider what they reveal about Indian culture, the Indians’ views about their own education, and the effectiveness of reformers’

What is his argument for educating Indian students off the reservation? The day on which the Land in Severalty Bill was signed was announced to be the emancipation day for the Indians. The fallacy of that idea is so en- tirely demonstrated that the emancipation assumption is now withdrawn. We shall have to go elsewhere,

What parallels does Pratt see between Indians and African Americans? present place. No other influence or force would have so speedily accom- plished such a result. Left in Africa, surrounded by their fellow-savages, our seven millions of industrious black fellow-citizens would still be sav- ages. Transferred into these new surroundings and experiences, behold the result.

The Education of Indian Students at Carlisle (1891) A great general has said that the only good Indian is a dead one, and that high sanction of his destruction has been an enormous factor in promoting Indian massacres. In a sense, I agree with the sentiment, but only in this: that all the Indian there

How did he propose to achieve it? Instructions to Indian Agents and Superintendents of Indian Schools (1889) The great purpose which the Government has in view in providing an am- ple system of common school education for all Indian youth of school age, is the preparation of them for American citizenship. The Indians are destined

Reformers and Indian Education Reformers did not believe that the Indian problem could be solved only by breaking up the reservation. Instead, education had to supplement sever- alty. After the breakup of the reservations, therefore, the education of Native American children was the chief interest of most “friends of the Indian” in the late nineteenth

United States Statutes at Large, 24 (1887): pp. 388–391. Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial Review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially

‘What factors or circumstances would have changed the outcome? To each head of a family, one-quarter of a section; To each single person over eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section; To each orphan child under eighteen years of age, one-eighth of a section; and To each other single person under eighteen years now