The difference between general and specific
The difference between general and specific deterrence is that specific deterrence refers to directly experiencing punishment as well as punishment avoidance while specific deterrence relates to experiencing punishment and punishment avoidance indirectly through the punishment of others. Specific punishment is aimed at an individual and is not focused on all the parties involved when considering solutions.
A non-violent crime refers to drug, property, and public order offenses in which no individual is seen as a threat and no harm is ensued on a victim. An example of this would be being caught with the possession of an illegal drug such as cocaine. In Arizona, which is my state, if you are caught with under 9 grams of cocaine and are a first-time offender, you are required probation, regular drug screening, and the completion of drug related intervention. However, for second time offenders there is almost no chance of being placed in prison and can be sentenced from .5 years if it is a class 5 felony and up to 12.5 years if it is considered a class 2 felony. I personally don’t believe that these sanctions help deter crime. If someone is battling with a drug addiction to cocaine and is dependent on the substance, the first trip to court may not be the sufficient wakeup call they need to stay off of the substance. While I do believe the required rehabilitation is a good step to getting help, I think that there needs to be a real desire for change for an individual struggling with drug addiction and they need to be given the opportunity to want to make a real change. If they violate that probation, they are looking at years of prison time potentially.
I think a restorative justice approach to nonviolent drug offenders is a great approach to getting them the help they need. I think a conversation with the people indirectly affected by an individual’s drug use such as their friends and family would do a lot to benefit their communities as a whole.
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