Nursing

Keeping Up The following resources will be helpful in maintaining current information re- lated to the demographics of your location, the United States, and your state; immigration issues and policies; and poverty: United States Census 2010 http://2010.census.gov/2010census/ Department of Homeland Security http://www.dhs.gov/index.shtm Poverty: United States Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ poverty Bishaw, A., & Macartney, S. (2010). […]

Subsistence economy Diversity ■ 59 water are scarce, and the person suffers from chronically poor nutrition. These conditions all too often lead to high morbidity and accident rates, precipitating high health care costs, which, in turn, prevent the person from seeking health care services. Thus, there is an increase in sickness and poor production, in

The Cycle of Poverty. Poor intellectual and physical development Poor economic production Important role of high human reproduction High cost of health care needs High incidence of illness Lack of preventive care Increased sickness Poor production Lack of potable water Poor nutrition Poor and densely populated housing Insufficient salaries Place Your Order Here!

Non-Hispanic Whites was 7.5%; ■ Asians was 10.9%; ■ Hispanics was 21.9%; and ■ people 65 years old and over was 10.2% (Bishaw & Macartney, S. (2010)). Cycle of Poverty Poverty is more than the absence of money. One way of analyzing the phe- nomenon is by observing the effects of the “cycle of poverty,”

globalization of the economy; ■ decline in the real minimum wage; ■ decline in unionization; ■ increase in immigration; and ■ increase in families headed by women (from 10% in 1970 to 18% in 1996 and 24.7% in 2000—households headed by women generally have lower incomes). In fact, in households headed by women, with no

increases the opportunity to engage in health promoting behaviors. Health also may affect income by restricting the type and amount of employment a person may seek or by preventing a person from working. Table 3–8 Poverty Weighted Average Thresholds for the Years 1986–2011 by Persons in Household Year First Person Two Persons Four Persons 1986

Housing Section 8 Low-Income Housing Assistance Provides rental assistance through vouchers or rental subsidies to eligible low-income families Source: Nilsen, S. (2007). Poverty in America—Report to Congressional Requesters. Washington, DC: United States Government Accountability Office. 56 ■ Chapter 3 noncash benefits, such as employer-provided health insurance, food stamps, or Medicaid. The poverty-level figures are used

what is portvey Other ways of answering the question “what is portvey” include: 1. Using the description provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statis- tics, which counts the poor and describes them by age, education, location, race, family composition, and employment status. 2. Using the federal government’s definition of the poverty threshold. This poverty

Year Event 2006 Secure Fence Act passed 2006 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 passed 2007 Failure of immigration reform Sources: Lefcowitz, E. (1990). The United States immigration history timeline. New York: Terra Firma Press. Reprinted with permission; RapidImmigration. (2012). Significant Historic Dates in U.S. Immigration. Retrieved from http://www.rapidimmigration.com/1_eng_immigration_ history.html, February 25, 2011;

‘Strengthening the assimilation of new immigrants (continued) 54 ■ Chapter 3 5. Strengthening the assimilation of new immigrants: the proposal declares that English is the language of the United States. 6. Establishing a merit system for future immigration. 7. Ending chain migration. 8. Clearing the family backlog in 8 years (Homeland Security, 2007). This legislation