History

Were their goals and remedies appropriate? The tribal organization, with its tenure of land in common, with its con- stant divisions of goods and rations per capita without regard to service Source: Merrill E. Gates, “Land and Law as Agents in Educating Indians,” in Francis Paul Prucha, ed., Americanizing the American Indians: Writings by the […]

Were their goals and remedies appropriate? The correction for this false view seems to me to come from the study of the tribe and its actual effects upon the family and upon the manhood of the individual. The highest right of man is the right to be a man, with all that this in- volves.

What did white reformers hope to achieve with the breakup of the reservations and with schools for Indian children? Evaluating Primary Sources54 Chester A. Arthur to the Board of Indian Commissioners in 1884. For many years, he also presided over the Lake Mohonk conferences. In 1885, he pre- sented a paper to the Board of

Reformers and the Reservation This section contains a selection by a prominent Indian reformer on the need to abandon the reservation system (Source 1) and an excerpt from the General Allotment Law of 1887, commonly known as the Dawes Act (Source 2). As you evaluate these sources, look for evidence of the way reformers defined

What problems were these reforms designed to solve? 1. What did white reformers hope to achieve with the breakup of the reser- vations and with schools for Indian children? What problems were these reforms designed to solve? Were their goals and remedies appropriate? 2. What were the reformers’ attitudes toward the Indians and their culture?

Evaluating Primary Sources50 he guests of the rambling hotel had chosen a perfect spot to gather in October 1883. While strolling along Lake Mohonk, less than a hundred miles north of New York City, they could take in autumn’s splendor in a landscape punctuated by cliffs, boulders, and caverns. The main attraction, though, was the

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Work in the coal breakers is exceedingly hard and dangerous Crouched over the chutes, the boys sit hour after hour, picking out the pieces of slate and other refuse from the coal as it rushes past to the washers. From the cramped position they have to assume, most of them become more or less deformed

Children at Work Industrial growth in the late nineteenth century had an impact on working children. Note what these sources reveal about the numbers of children work- ing full time and about the conditions under which they labored. 11 Gainful Workers by Age, 1870–1920 (In thousands of persons 10 years old and over) Age (in

Industrialization and the Condition of Labor44 is put down beside the machine and as soon as a skirt is done it is laid on the other side of the machine. Sometimes the work is not all finished by six o’clock and then the one who is behind must work overtime. . . . The machines