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This page intentionally left blank Preface for Instructors When we first wrote The St. Martin’s Guide to Writing, we aimed to demystify writing and authorize students as writers. We wanted to help students learn to commit them- selves to writing projects, communicate effectively with chosen readers, and question their own certainties. We also wanted them […]

Advisory Board We owe an enormous debt to all the rhetoricians and composition specialists whose theory, research, and pedagogy have informed The St. Martin’s Guide to Writing. We would be adding many pages if we were to name everyone to whom we are indebted. The members of the Advisory Board for the ninth edition, a

This page intentionally left blank Ninth Edition The St. Martin’s Guide to Writing Rise B. Axelrod University of California, Riverside Charles R. Cooper University of California, San Diego Bedford / St. Martin’s Boston New York For Bedford/St. Martin’s Senior Developmental Editor: Alexis P. Walker Senior Production Editor: Harold Chester Production Supervisor: Jennifer Peterson Marketing Manager:

Getting Started–the Closing of Paper 1   Getting Started–the Closing of Paper 1   Your last paragraph (V) is the closing, which needs a summary, a conclusion, and a hint of things to come. The summary repeats the three points that you made in the three-part body of the paper. The summary for Paper 1

The Three 20-sentence Paragraphs of the Body of Paper 1   Remember: each time you indent five spaces you are indicating that a new paragraph starts. The three elements of your opening paragraph should be in one paragraph, your first. The three body paragraphs should be about 20 sentences each.  They are developed by examples

  Three Assignments for Paper 1   There is a Quiz to take.   First, you will write and turn in a one-sentence thesis sentence, which is the main idea of Paper 1. Second, you will write a five-paragraph paper. Third, you will complete a reflection or a self-evaluation.   6. Paper 1 Preparation 6.13.

A CENTURY OF CHANGE — WORDS MODIFIED BY TIME What a century this has been. A century that took us from horseback to fuel-injected horsepower, from gaslights to sodium-vapor streetlights, from crystal radios to digital television, from compasses to global positioning satellites, from wood stoves to microwave ovens, from Victrolas to DVD players, from poultices

Points to Ponder: · Does the writer convince you of anything? · What structural elements holds this essay together? Try printing the essay and connecting structural elements with circles and lines. · Do you think the writer goes overboard with his illustrations? If so, can you say what you would leave out? · The writer

What Happened to the News? When television news started out, back in the 1950s, it occupied less than a thirty-minute slot. Ten or fifteen minutes would be granted to local stations for their news, and then the networks would say all there was to say about national and world news in the remaining fifteen to

In media res: Twain’s narrative jumps right into the telling. A Latin phrase, in media res, means just that, in the middle of things, and describes the technique by which story writers begin their tale in the middle of the action. Here, Twain picks up the story about his situation after something has already happened