Why Do People Use Drugs?
In general, any substance that alters the nervous system (network of nerve cells and fibers that transmit signals between different parts of the body; essentially, the body’s electrical wiring) and mind is con- sidered a drug. (Throughout the chapter, we’ll refer to the terms drug and substance interchangeably.) Certain drugs have the capacity to distort, inhibit, or enhance an individual’s thoughts or feelings, which impacts patterns of social functioning and other behaviors. Drugs are classified as either licit (legal) or illicit (illegal). For example, coffee, tobacco, and alcohol are considered licit drugs, as are popular over- the-counter drugs (e.g., Tylenol, Advil). When used infrequently or in moderation, these drugs are generally deemed acceptable by society. On the other hand, drugs like cocaine, heroin, and ecstasy are considered illicit drugs, which are illegal to use or possess in the United States.
In general, there are four primary reasons why people use drugs.
1. To feel good: Certain drugs can produce a feeling of well-being or elation, known as euphoria. This feeling of pleasure or euphoria can also be accompanied or followed by feelings of self-confidence, power, increased energy, satisfaction, or relaxation.
2. To feel better: Some individuals who suffer from depression, stress, or anxiety begin using certain drugs in an effort to eliminate or reduce those feelings. While people tend to dismiss the impact of stress, it has been found to play a strong role in indi- viduals starting and continuing substance use, as well as in relapse—a return to substance use after a period of improvement.
3. To perform better: Some individuals feel pressure to improve their performance in school, at work, or in a variety of other settings (e.g., athletics). Efforts to improve performance are a common reason that some people initially try or continue using stimulants, which will be described later in the chapter.
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When tobacco is used infrequently or in moderation, society generally considers its use acceptable. Tobacco is considered a licit drug.
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