The questions si on the Description
The Virtual labs (below) are online laboratory simulations that enable you to perform experiments and observations in microscopy, microbial growth, inheritance, and genetic analysis from the relative comfort of your computer.
Use the Virtual Lab Report form to record your observations and results from these online experiments. When saving your work, title your report with your last name, first initial ‘_V1’. Thus the title for Charles Darwin’s report is DarwinC_V1. Use the ‘Save As’ option to save the file as Word 97 .doc file. Submit the report in the Dropbox before 11:00 PM PST on the second Saturday of class.
Virtual Lab Report Part I Due: Second Saturday of the course
 A. Gauge the size of various biological components and organisms. The Virtual Microscope can be used to make these observations. Estimate the size (length and width in microns) of• 1. An E. Coli cell • 2. A mitochondrion. • 3. A Red blood cell • 4. A virus. • 5. A water molecule B. Observe the various Cell types and learn to distinguish between Bacterial cells, Plant cells (1, 2), and Animal cells (1, 2, 3) C. Form a hypothesis |
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| Supplemental: Cell structures and functions Virtual Optical Microscope. Virtual Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. |
 A. Bacterial Growth. Observing the growth of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniaeThese Streptococcus bacteria have been placed on a nutrient rich agar medium and their growth visualized. You can monitor their growth by watching the middle frame and moving through time with the time step buttons. • Estimate how long it takes for this population of bacteria to double. Hint- this population doubles multiple times during the duration of this recording. B. Cellular Reproduction : The Cell Cycle (1 , 2 , 3), Mitosis (1 , 2), Meiosis (1 , 2), and Binary fission (1 , 2). C. Cellular Metabolism: Cellular Respiration (1 , 2), Photosynthesis (1 , 2), and The Carbon Cycle (1 , 2 , 3) |
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A. Phenotype and genotype of Dragons For fun, you can use this web lab to answer these questions: What genotype(s) result in wings? What genotype(s) result about a brown skinned Dragon? If necessary use your own research to answer the following questions. • Define genotype and phenotype. • What is an allele?B. Drosophila Lab Enter the lab as a guest. You need to purchase a breeding pair of flies. Purchase a female mutant that has a small (vestigial) wing size and a male wild type fly. Breed them and notice the resulting distribution of phenotypes. • Describe and explain the characteristic of the first generation (F1) of flies. Is the vestigial wing characteristic dominant or recessive? • What percentage of the F1 generation would show the recessive characteristic phenotypically according to your table? Are your experimental breeding results consistent with what you expect from this assumption and the logic of the Punnet square? • Breed two of these F1 flies. To do this select a male and a female from the results of your first cross and put them in the breeding jar. Describe and explain the characteristics of the second generation (F2) flies. C. Genetic Disorders Library Describe the three main classes of genetic disorders and give an example of each. Supplemental: |
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A. Learn how electrophoresis works and answer these questions: • On what basis is electrophoresis able to separate molecules? What are the lengths of the three DNA bands that you produce in this lab?B. Electrophoresis. Select the pBR322 plasmid (a circular piece of DNA used as a cloning vector) to analyze (menu in upper left hand corner of the simulator). You will then see a diagram of the circular plasmid DNA along with the points along the length of the plasmid where the various restriction enzymes (EcoR I, Ple I, Hinc II, and Bgl I) will cut the DNA. For instance notice that the enzyme EcoR 1 only cuts the plasmid at one location at the top of the diagram, whereas the other enzymes cut the plasmid at other places. To analyzes the DNA we cut it up with different enzymes and slowly piece together an understanding of the entire sequence. • Load each lane as follows: lane 1 with Bgl 1; lane 2 with EcoR 1; lane 3 with Hinc II; lane 4 with Ple I; lane 5 with predetermined molecular weight markers. • Run the gel and describe and explain the number of bands in lanes 2 and 4. C. Human blood types and the immune system: Emergency Transfusion! Supplemental: |
