Probing Ethical Decisions 254 Emotions and Intuition 256
Practical Suggestions for Making Ethical Decisions 257 Concluding Observations 259 Case Studies: Short Incidents for Ethical Reasoning 260 Tangled Webs 264
PART FOUR Business and Government
Chapter 9 Business in Politics 271
Paul Magliocchetti and Associates 271 The Open Structure of American Government 275 A History of Political Dominance by Business 277
Laying the Groundwork 277 Ascendance, Corruption, and Reform 278 Business Falls Back under the New Deal 280 Postwar Politics and Winds of Change 281
The Rise of Antagonistic Groups 282 Diffusion of Power in Government 283 The Universe of Organized Business Interests 284 Lobbying 287
Lobbying Methods 288 Power and Limits 290 Regulation of Lobbyists 291
The Corporate Role in Elections 293 Efforts to Limit Corporate Influence 294 The Federal Election Campaign Act 295 Political Action Committees 296 Soft Money and Issue Advertising 298 Reform Legislation in 2002 299
How Business Dollars Enter Elections 301 Concluding Observations 303 Case Study: Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission 304
Chapter 10 Regulating Business 316
The Federal Aviation Administration 316
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viii Table of Contents
The United Nations Global Compact 375 Criticism of the Global Compact 378
The Alien Tort Claims Act 379 The Drummond Company on Trial 381
Concluding Observations 383 Case Study: Union Carbide Corporation and Bhopal 384
Chapter 12 Globalization, Trade, and Corruption 395
McDonald’s Corporation 395 Globalization 397
Ascent and Inertia 400 Trade 402
The Rise and Fall of Trade 402 A New Postwar Order 404 Success and Evolution 404 The World Trade Organization 406 Regional Trade Agreements 409
Free Trade versus Protectionism 411 Why Free Trade? 411 Why Protectionism? 412 The Politics of Protectionism 413 Free Trade Responses to Protectionism 415 U.S. Deviation from Free Trade Policy 416 Tariff Barriers in Other Countries 416
Corruption 417 A Spectrum of Corruption 418 The Fight Against Corruption 420 The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 422 Corporate Actions to Fight Corruption 425
Concluding Observations 426 Case Study: David and Goliath at the WTO 427
PART SIX Corporations and the Natural Environment