Other common causes of distorted communication are:
● Using inadequate reasoning ● Using strong, judgmental words ● Speaking too fast or too slowly ● Using unfamiliar words ● Spending too much time on details
Distortion also occurs when the recipient is busy or distracted, bases understanding on pre- vious unsatisfactory experience with the sender, or has a biased perception of the meaning of the message or the messenger. Consider the example of distortion of written communication provided in Box 9-1.