How can DNA tests definitively identify individuals when many people have brown eyes or type A blood?

Data Analysis

1. Which size DNA fragment did the child inherit from her mother?
   

   37 mm 850bp

2. Which alleged father, if any, can be definitively ruled out as the child’s biological father?
   

   A.F. #2

Conclusions

1. How are new molecules of DNA synthesized in living cells?
   
2. What is the function of DNA?
   

   DNA has genetic information that controls our cells. So, DNA is like a blueprint that shows how to construct components of cells like proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA). This information is carried down to newer generations through inheritance.

3. If each individual has such a small amount of DNA in their cells, how do the bands on the gel contain enough DNA to be visible?
   

   In order to make DNA visible. The Gel has to be soaked in a dye (ethidium bromide) to bind with the DNA and rinsed off after. Ethidium bromide helps to make DNA visible by glowing brightly in UV rays.

4. Humans only have a few eye colors and only four ABO-based blood types. How can DNA tests definitively identify individuals when many people have brown eyes or type A blood?
   
5. Suppose a suspicious hair was found in a victim’s home. A gel is set up with the DNA fragments of two suspected criminals in lanes 4 and 5, the DNA fragments of the suspicious hair in lane 3, and the victim’s DNA fragments, as a negative control, are in lane 2. A DNA ladder is in lane 1. The resulting gel is below. Which suspect, if any, committed the crime? Explain your answer.
   

   Lane 4,5 (two suspected criniminals)

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