APA 1-2 | Thesis statements in APA papers 53

Name Section Date

Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)

EXERCISE APA 1-2 ◆ Thesis statements in APA papers To read about thesis statements, see APA-1a in A Writer’s Reference, Seventh Edition.

Circle the letter of the sentence in each pair that would work well as the thesis statement for a research paper from five to ten pages long. Remember that a thesis should be a central idea that requires supporting evidence; it should be of adequate scope for a five-to-ten-page paper; and it should be sharply focused.

EXAMPLE

a. Early-childhood intervention programs that focus on social and emotional development of disadvantaged youth deserve more funding because they have led to reductions in

criminal behavior.

b. Early-childhood intervention programs for disadvantaged youth are very important.

1. a. Nearly one million school-aged children in the United States are educated primarily at home.

b. Homeschooling is effective only when the correct social, emotional, and educational circumstances exist for both parent and child.

2. a. One way to ensure the early detection, effective treatment, and ultimate reduction of childhood mental health problems is to professionalize the child care industry.

b. If we as a society don’t do something to meet the mental health needs of very young children, we will all pay the price in the long run.

3. a. In 1997, the National Gambling Impact Study Commission found that the prevalence of pathological gambling was twice as likely to occur within 50 miles of a gambling facility.

b. In Connecticut, where casino gambling and the state lottery contributes about half a billion dollars to the state’s revenue, more money should be spent on programs that can prevent

and treat gambling addiction.

4. a. Although it has been criticized, the resource dilution model—the theory that the number of siblings a child has can influence his or her chances for intellectual development—offers

the most likely explanation for why this causal relationship may exist.

b. It is largely undisputed that children with no siblings are more likely to score higher on cognitive skills tests than children with multiple siblings.

5. a. Given the possible link between suicide rates and antidepressant medications in children and teenagers, physicians should more closely monitor first-time users of these drugs.

b. Psychotherapy alone may be the right course of action for some depressed children, yet others may benefit more from a combination of therapy and medication.

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 53 8/31/10 12:53 PM

54 APA 1-2 | Thesis statements in APA papers Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for

A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)

6. a. Most American parents, aware of the reality of teenage sexual activity, favor comprehensive sex education programs rather than abstinence-only programs for their

children.

b. Recent evidence suggests that abstinence-only sex education programs do not decrease the number of teenage pregnancies; in fact, these programs can actually increase the

number of sexually transmitted diseases in teens because they do not incorporate a

discussion of safe sex.

7. a. Although many people believe that the number of suicides increases during times of severe economic crises, there is very little evidence to support this theory.

b. Since the rate of suicides among Native American youths is more than twice that of the national average, federal agencies must make suicide prevention in our Native

communities a top priority.

8. a. The pressure put on schools and educators for their students to perform well on standardized tests has resulted in higher scores but has not increased students’ long-term

ability to achieve.

b. Proponents of the federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) point to its emphasis on teacher accountability, its focus on quality education for all children, and its provision

for school choice; but critics charge that NCLB is underfunded, narrowly focuses on three

subject areas, and ultimately has lowered overall education standards.

9. a. Merit-based pay schemes base teacher salaries on performance, as most private-sector companies do, rather than on seniority, as most public school districts do.

b. As can be seen in the success of many charter schools, merit-based pay schemes for teachers are one way to bring about improved student performance.

10. a. Considering the enormous debt this country owes to its military personnel and their families, the government should support programs that help reduce domestic violence

in military homes, where rates of child abuse and spousal abuse are above the national

average.

b. Domestic violence and substance abuse are much more prevalent in military families than in civilian families, especially during times of war.

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 54 8/31/10 12:53 PM

APA 2-2 | Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers 57 Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)

Name Section Date

EXERCISE APA 2-2 ◆ Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers To read about avoiding plagiarism, see APA-2 in A Writer’s Reference, Seventh Edition.

Read the following passage and the information about its source. Then decide whether each student sample is plagiarized or uses the source correctly. If the student sample is plagiarized, write “plagiarized”; if the sample is acceptable, write “OK.”

ORIGINAL SOURCE

Mass psychogenic illness, or epidemic hysteria, is usually defined as a set of unexplained symptoms affecting two or more people; in most cases, victims share a theory of some sort about what is causing their distress. Often, somebody smells something funny, which may or may not be a chemical and which may or may not be there, but which in any case does not account for the subsequent symptoms. Relapses tend to happen when the people affected congregate again. And, notably, the mechanism of contagion is quite different from what you would expect in, say, a viral illness: symptoms spread by “line of sight,” which is to say, people get sick as they see other people getting sick. Some element of unusual psychological stress is often at play. . . . Adolescents and preadolescents are particularly susceptible. And girls are more likely to fall ill than boys.

From Talbot, M. (2002, June 2). Hysteria hysteria. The New York Times Magazine, pp. 42-47, 58-59, 96, 98, 101-102. [The source passage is from pages 58-59. The word Adolescents begins page 59.]

1. Mass psychogenic illness, also known as epidemic hysteria, is a set of unexplained symptoms affecting two or more people who usually share a theory of some sort about what is causing

their distress.

2. As Talbot (2002) has pointed out, victims of mass hysteria may believe that they have breathed in a strange odor that might or might not have been a toxic substance and that might or might

not have been present; the chemical would not, in any case, explain the subsequent symptoms

(p. 58).

3. In cases of mass hysteria, according to Talbot (2002), “Often, somebody smells something funny, which may or may not be a chemical and which may or may not be there, but which in

any case does not account for the subsequent symptoms” (p. 58).

4. Talbot (2002) explained that people affected by an outbreak of epidemic hysteria usually “share a theory of some sort about what is causing their distress” (p. 58).

5. Talbot (2002) has described the peculiar nature of mass psychogenic illness, in which sufferers agree about the underlying cause—an odd smell, for example—of their physical symptoms and

suffer relapses when they come in contact with other victims (p. 58).

6. People become ill when they see other people becoming ill, according to Talbot (2002), so the “mechanism of contagion” is not at all what you would expect in, for example, a viral ailment

(p. 58).

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 57 8/31/10 12:53 PM

Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)58 APA 2-2 | Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers

7. According to Talbot (2002), epidemic hysteria differs in several ways from other contagious diseases; for example, relapses among victims tend to happen when the people affected

congregate again (p. 58).

8. Talbot (2002) explained that mass psychogenic illness often afflicts people when they are under some kind of psychological pressure (p. 58).

9. Adolescents and preadolescents are particularly susceptible to mass hysteria, and girls are more likely to fall ill than boys are.

10. Talbot (2002) noted that certain groups of people most often succumb to epidemic hysteria— preadolescents and adolescents, especially, with girls more frequently affected than boys

(p. 59).

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 58 8/31/10 12:53 PM

APA 2-5 | Recognizing common knowledge in APA papers 61 Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)

Name Section Date

EXERCISE APA 2-5 ◆ Recognizing common knowledge in APA papers To read about what constitutes common knowledge in the social sciences, see APA-2 in A Writer’s Reference, Seventh Edition.

Read the student passage and determine if the student needs to cite the source of the information in an APA paper. If the material does not need citation because it is common knowledge, write “common knowledge.” If the material is not common knowledge and the student should cite the source, write “needs citation.”

EXAMPLE

Sigmund Freud believed that dreams provide clues about the dreamer’s psychological conflicts. Common knowledge [This general fact about Freud’s ideas is widely known in the social sciences.]

1. In double-blind trials to test the effectiveness of St. John’s wort as an antidepressant, the plant performed no better than a placebo.

2. In 2000, Alan Greenspan was the chair of the Federal Reserve Board.

3. In both 2000 and 2001, the most popular name given to baby girls in the United States was Emily.

4. Phrenology, the study of bumps on the skull, advanced scientists’ understanding of the ways different parts of the brain function.

5. The sense of smell and the sense of taste are linked.

6. When the Homestead Act took effect, granting 160 acres of western land to any head of a household—male or female—who would live there and improve it for five years, women filed

10% of the claims.

7. Babe Ruth’s record for home runs in a single season was not broken for decades.

8. Many California earthquakes occur along the San Andreas Fault.

9. Studies have shown that unlike elderly Americans, who tend to become more forgetful as they age, elderly people in mainland China have memories as good as those of younger people in

their culture.

10. Anorexia and bulimia are disorders affecting more young women than young men.

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 61 8/31/10 12:53 PM

APA 3-2 | Integrating sources in APA papers 65 Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)

Name Section Date

EXERCISE APA 3-2 ◆ Integrating sources in APA papers To read about integrating sources, see APA-3 in A Writer’s Reference, Seventh Edition.

Read the following passage and the information about its source. Then decide whether each student sample uses the source correctly. If the student has made an error in using the source, revise the sample to avoid the error. If the student has quoted correctly, write “OK.”

ORIGINAL SOURCE

Although convicted sex offenders raise justifiable concerns about public safety, studies indicate that many of them don’t return to their criminal ways. Researchers are attempting to come up with statistical tools that courts can use to decide who should stay behind bars and who should go free. Data from several long-term studies of 4,724 sex offenders released from prisons in the United States and Canada after 1980 show that after 10 years, one in five had been arrested for a new sexual offense, says psychologist R. Karl Hanson of the Department of the Solicitor General of Canada in Ottawa. After 20 years, that figure rose to slightly more than one in four. Among men who had victimized children in their own families, an even lower fraction—about 1 in 10—committed a new sexual offense during the first 20 years after release from prison. Hanson, however, estimates that close to half the released sex offenders eventually commit another sex crime. “Most of their offenses are never reported to the authorities,” he said.

From Bower, B. (2002, July 27). Men of prey. Science News, 162, 59-60. [The source passage is from page 60.]

1. According to Bower (2002), “Although convicted sex offenders raise justifiable concerns about public safety, studies indicate that many of them don’t return to their criminal ways” (p. 60).

2. Bower (2002) reported a surprising finding based on several longitudinal studies: “Many convicted sex offenders don’t return to their criminal ways” (p. 60).

3. No one has yet answered the question of how to deal with potentially dangerous sex offenders who are serving prison time. “Researchers are attempting to come up with statistical tools that

courts can use to decide who should stay behind bars and who should go free” (Bower, 2002,

p. 60).

4. Bower (2002) has suggested that scientists can help society decide how to deal with sex offenders: “Researchers are attempting to come up with statistical tools that courts can use to

decide who should stay behind bars and who should go free” (p. 60).

5. A Canadian psychologist has reported that data from several long-term studies of 4,724 sex offenders released from prisons in the United States and Canada after 1980 show that after 10

years, one in five had been arrested for a new sexual offense (Bower, 2002, p. 60).

6. As Bower (2002) reported, studies of released sex offenders found that “after 10 years, one in five had been arrested for a new sexual offense. . . . After 20 years, that figure rose to slightly

more than one in four” (p. 60).

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 65 8/31/10 12:53 PM

Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)66 APA 3-2 | Integrating sources in APA papers

7. As long-term studies have indicated, “Among men who had victimized children in their own families, only about 10% committed a new sexual offense during the first 20 years after release

from prison” (Bower, 2002, p. 60).

8. As Bower (2002) has noted, approximately 10% of men convicted of “victimiz[ing] children in their own families . . . committed a new sexual offense during the first 20 years after release

from prison” (p. 60).

9. Bower (2002) provided evidence that sex offenders do not always repeat their crimes after serving sentences:

“Data from several long-term studies of 4,724 sex offenders released from prisons in

the United States and Canada after 1980 show that after 10 years, one in five had been

arrested for a new sexual offense, says psychologist R. Karl Hanson of the Department of

the Solicitor General of Canada in Ottawa. After 20 years, that figure rose to slightly more

than one in four.” (p. 60)

10. Noting that the recidivism rates for sex offenders could be higher than the studies show, psychologist R. Karl Hanson explained, “Most of their offenses are never reported to the

authorities” (as cited in Bower, 2002, p. 60).

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 66 8/31/10 12:53 PM

APA 4-2 | APA documentation: in-text citations 73 Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)

Name Section Date

EXERCISE APA 4-2 ◆ APA documentation: in-text citations To read about how to use and format APA in-text citations, see APA-4a in A Writer’s Reference, Seventh Edition.

Circle the letter of the APA in-text citation that is handled correctly.

EXAMPLE

The student is quoting from page 96 of a book, How to Have a Smarter Baby, written by Susan Ludington-Hoe and Susan K. Golant and published in 1985.

a. Ludington-Hoe (1985) noted that music “has been known to stimulate the brain’s right side (fostering creativity) and actually help babies gain more weight and cry less” (p. 96).

b. Ludington-Hoe and Golant (1985) noted that music “has been known to stimulate the brain’s right side (fostering creativity) and actually help babies gain more weight and cry

less” (p. 96).

1. The student is quoting from page 406 of a book by Benjamin Spock that was published in 1965.

a. Spock (1965) warned ambitious parents decades ago to “be on guard against using their ambition to run their children’s lives” (406).

b. Spock (1965) warned ambitious parents decades ago to “be on guard against using their ambition to run their children’s lives” (p. 406).

2. The student is summarizing information from page 152 of a 1985 book with two authors, Susan Ludington-Hoe and Susan K. Golant.

a. Some specialists in infant development have urged parents to stimulate newborns immediately after birth by placing black-and-white pictures near their faces (Ludington-

Hoe & Golant, 1985, p. 152).

b. Some specialists in infant development have urged parents to stimulate newborns immediately after birth by placing black-and-white pictures near their faces (Ludington-

Hoe and Golant, 1985, p. 152).

3. The student is quoting from page 121 of a 1997 book by Signe Larson and Kevin Osborn.

a. Larson and Osborn (1997) asserted that talking, singing, and reading “can all encourage the development of [an] infant’s language and communication skills” (p. 121).

b. Larson & Osborn (1997) asserted that talking, singing, and reading “can all encourage the development of [an] infant’s language and communication skills” (p. 121).

4. The student is quoting a paginated online article by Karen Karbo published in 2000.

a. Karbo (2000) pointed out that parenting “became a verb only around 1960” (p. 2).

b. Karbo (2000) pointed out that parenting “became a verb only around 1960.”

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 73 8/31/10 12:53 PM

74 APA 4-2 | APA documentation: in-text citations Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for

A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)

5. The student is summarizing information from an article, “Talks of a Reluctant Parenting Pundit,” by Katie Allison Granju, which was published in 1999. The list of references includes another article, “Formula for Disaster,” also written by Granju and also published in 1999.

a. Granju (1999) has explained that even those who write about parent-child relationships can sometimes feel that they are ineffective parents to their own children (“Talks”).

b. Granju (1999b) has explained that even those who write about parent-child relationships can sometimes feel that they are ineffective parents to their own children.

6. The student is quoting from a 1999 report by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; the author is unnamed. The report appeared on an unpaginated Web site, and the quoted words appeared in the sixth paragraph under the heading “Children Score Higher.”

a. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1999) has found that “children fared better when child-staff ratios [in child care centers] were lower, and also

when teachers had more training and education” (Children Score Higher section, para. 6).

b. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1999) has found that “children fared better when child-staff ratios [in child care centers] were lower, and also

when teachers had more training and education” (para. 6).

7. The student is quoting from page F8 of a 2002 newspaper article by Eric Nagourney.

a. In many cases, as Nagourney (2002) has observed, “The competition to get children into the best schools begins before they start kindergarten” (p. F8).

b. In many cases, as Nagourney (2002) has observed, “The competition to get children into the best schools begins before they start kindergarten.” (p. F8)

8. The student is quoting from an article by Don Campbell on a Web site without pagination but with numbered paragraphs. The quotation was taken from the Frequently Asked Questions section, paragraph 9, and the Web site was last updated in 2002.

a. On his Web site, Campbell has claimed that “students who listened to Mozart prior to testing scored higher marks in an intelligence test” (2002, Frequently Asked Questions

section, para. 9).

b. On his Web site, Campbell (2002) has claimed that “students who listened to Mozart prior to testing scored higher marks in an intelligence test” (Frequently Asked Questions

section, para. 9).

9. The writer is quoting from page 366 of a 1999 journal article by Kenneth M. Steele, Karen E. Bass, and Melissa D. Crook. This is the first citation of the source in the paper.

a. Steele, Bass, and Crook (1999) noted that “several attempts by other laboratories to confirm the existence of a Mozart effect have been unsuccessful” (p. 366).

b. Steele et al. (1999) noted that “several attempts by other laboratories to confirm the existence of a Mozart effect have been unsuccessful” (p. 366).

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 74 8/31/10 12:53 PM

APA 4-2 | APA documentation: in-text citations 75 Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)

10. The student is summarizing material from an article by Eric Chudler on an undated Web site with no page numbers.

a. Chudler (n.d.) noted that the original Mozart studies were never intended to measure how a baby’s intelligence might be affected by classical music.

b. Chudler noted that the original Mozart studies were never intended to measure how a baby’s intelligence might be affected by classical music.

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 75 8/31/10 12:53 PM

APA 4-4 | APA documentation: identifying elements of sources 79 Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)

Name Section Date

1. How would you begin an APA reference list entry for this source?

a. Anderson, J. R. (2005).

b. Anderson, John R. (2005).

c. Anderson, J. R. (1980).

2. How would you cite the title and publisher for this source in an APA reference list entry?

a. Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications (6th ed.). New York, NY: Worth.

b. Cognitive psychology and its implications. New York, NY: Worth.

c. Cognitive psychology and its implications (6th ed.). New York, NY: Worth.

EXERCISE APA 4-4 ◆ APA documentation: identifying elements of sources To read about how to handle the elements of sources in APA citations, see APA-4b in A Writer’s Reference, Seventh Edition.

Circle the correct answer for each question using information in the source provided.

SOURCE: EDITION OTHER THAN THE FIRST

[Title page] [Copyright page]

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 79 8/31/10 12:53 PM

Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)80 APA 4-4 | APA documentation: identifying elements of sources

SOURCE: CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK

[Title page] [First page of chapter]

3. You have used the chapter on the right from the collection whose title page is on the left. What information would come first in your APA reference list entry?

a. McDowell, A.

b. Edut, O. (Ed.).

c. The art of the ponytail.

4. What is the correct APA reference list entry for this source? The book was published in Emeryville, California, in 2003; the chapter begins on page 124 and ends on page 132.

a. McDowell, A. (2003). The Art of the Ponytail. In O. Edut (Ed.), Body Outlaws: Rewriting the Rules of Beauty and Body Image (pp. 124-132). Emeryville, CA: Seal Press.

b. Edut, O. (Ed.). (2003). Body Outlaws: Rewriting the Rules of Beauty and Body Image (pp. 124-132). Emeryville, CA: Seal Press.

c. McDowell, A. (2003). The art of the ponytail. In O. Edut (Ed.), Body outlaws: Rewriting the rules of beauty and body image (pp. 124-132). Emeryville, CA: Seal Press.

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 80 8/31/10 12:53 PM

Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011) APA 4-4 | APA documentation: identifying elements of sources 81

SOURCE: ARTICLE FROM A DATABASE

5. How would you begin an APA reference list entry for this article from a database?

a. Frank, A. (2005). Working out: Consumers and the culture of exercise.

b. Phillips, B. J. (2005). Working out: Consumers and the culture of exercise.

c. Phillips, B. J. (2005). “Working out: Consumers and the culture of exercise.”

6. How would you cite the publication information for the periodical in this database record?

a. Journal of Popular Culture, 38, 525-551.

b. Journal of Popular Culture, 38, 525.

c. Journal of popular culture, 38, 525-551.

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 81 8/31/10 12:53 PM

Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)82 APA 4-4 | APA documentation: identifying elements of sources

7. How would you end the reference list entry for this source?

a. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. (15568206)

b. Retrieved from http://www.msu.edu/~tjpc/

c. doi:10.1111/j0022-3840.2005.00127.x

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 82 8/31/10 12:53 PM

Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011) APA 4-4 | APA documentation: identifying elements of sources 83

SOURCE: DOCUMENT FROM A WEB SITE

8. What is the correct APA reference list entry for this source?

a. Toch, T. (1999, December). The meritocracy’s caste system: What’s good and bad about the SAT. The Brookings Institution. Retrieved from http://www.brookings.edu/views

/articles/toch/19991201.htm

b. Toch, T. (1999, December). The meritocracy’s caste system: What’s good and bad about the SAT. Retrieved from http://www.brookings.edu/views/articles/toch/19991201

.htm

c. Toch, T. (1999). The meritocracy’s caste system: What’s good and bad about the SAT. Retrieved from http://www.brookings.edu/views/articles/toch/19991201.htm

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 83 8/31/10 12:53 PM

Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)84 APA 4-4 | APA documentation: identifying elements of sources

SOURCE: ARTICLE IN A MAGAZINE

9. How would you cite the title of this article in an APA reference list entry?

a. Insights: When medicine meets literature.

b. When medicine meets literature.

c. Rita Charon: Story listener.

10. What is the correct APA reference list entry for this source? (The article appears on pages 38 and 39 in the magazine.)

a. Holloway, M. (2005, May). When medicine meets literature. Scientific American, 292(5), 38-39.

b. Holloway, M. (2005). When medicine meets literature. Scientific American, 292(5), 38-39.

c. Holloway, M. (2005, May). When medicine meets literature. Scientific American, 38-39.

[Table of contents] [First page of article]

departments

columns

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 84 8/31/10 12:53 PM

APA 4-6 | APA documentation: reference list 89 Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)

Name Section Date

EXERCISE APA 4-6 ◆ APA documentation: reference list To read about how to create and format an APA reference list, see APA-4b in A Writer’s Reference, Seventh Edition.

Circle the letter of the APA reference list entry that is handled correctly.

EXAMPLE

The student has summarized information from the book The Longevity Revolution: The Benefits and Challenges of Living a Long Life, by Robert N. Butler. The book was published in New York in 2008 by PublicAffairs.

a. Butler, R. N. The longevity revolution: The benefits and challenges of living a long life. New York, NY: PublicAffairs, 2008.

b. Butler, R. N. (2008). The longevity revolution: The benefits and challenges of living a long life. New York, NY: PublicAffairs.

1. The student has summarized material from a document titled “Inside the Brain: An Interactive Tour” on the Alzheimer’s Association Web site. The copyright date for the article is 2008, and there is no named author. The URL is http://www.alz.org/alzheimers _disease_4719.asp.

a. Inside the brain: An interactive tour. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.alz.org/alzheimers _disease_4719.asp

b. Alzheimer’s Association. (2008). Inside the brain: An interactive tour. Retrieved from http:// www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_4719.asp

2. The student has quoted from a documentary DVD titled The Forgetting: A Portrait of Alzheimer’s, dated 2004. Elizabeth Arledge is listed as the producer and director, and Warner Home Video, in Burbank, California, is the distributor.

a. Arledge, E., Producer/director. (2004). The forgetting: A portrait of Alzheimer’s [DVD]. Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video.

b. Arledge, E. (Producer/director). (2004). The forgetting: A portrait of Alzheimer’s [DVD]. Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video.

3. The student has paraphrased an article by Joseph Nocera, “Taking Science Personally,” found on page F1 in The New York Times, November 11, 2008.

a. Nocera, J. (2008, November 11). Taking science personally. The New York Times, p. F1.

b. Nocera, J. (2008, November 11). Taking science personally. The New York Times, F1.

4. The student has quoted material from page 320 of an article in volume 43, issue 3, of the British Journal of Clinical Psychology. The article, “Life Events, Depression, and Social Support in Dementia,” was published in September 2004 and is printed on pages 313-324. The journal is paginated continuously throughout the volume. The authors are Allyson Waite, Paul Bebbington, Martin Skelton-Robinson, and Martin Orrell.

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 89 8/31/10 12:53 PM

Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)90 APA 4-6 | APA documentation: reference list

a. Waite, A., Bebbington, P., Skelton-Robinson, M., & Orrell, M. (2004). Life events, depression, and social support in dementia. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43,

313-324.

b. Waite, A., Bebbington, P., Skelton-Robinson, M., & Orrell, M. (2004). Life events, depression, and social support in dementia. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43,

320.

5. The student has summarized information from the book Aging, Biotechnology, and the Future, edited by Catherine Y. Read, Robert C. Green, and Michael A. Smyer. The book was published in Baltimore, Maryland, in 2008 by Johns Hopkins University Press.

a. Read, C. Y., Green, R. C., & Smyer, M. A. (Eds.). (2008). Aging, biotechnology, and the future. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

b. Read, C. Y., Green, R. C., & Smyer, M. A. (2008). Aging, biotechnology, and the future. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

6. The student has quoted material from an article, “Behavioral Medicine and Aging,” in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, accessed in the PsycARTICLES database. The article was published in volume 70, issue 3, in June 2002, on pages 843-851. The journal is paginated continuously throughout the volume. The article was written by Ilene C. Siegler, Lori A. Bastian, David C. Steffens, Hayden B. Bosworth, and Paul T. Costa. The database provides the DOI (digital object identifier) 10.1037/0022-006X.70.3.843 for the article.

a. Siegler, I. C., Bastian, L. A., Steffens, D. C., Bosworth, H. B., & Costa, P. T. (2002). Behavioral medicine and aging. Journal of Consulting and Clinical

Psychology, 70, 843-851. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database.

doi:10.1037/0022-006X.70.3.843

b. Siegler, I. C., Bastian, L. A., Steffens, D. C., Bosworth, H. B., & Costa, P. T. (2002). Behavioral medicine and aging. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70,

843-851. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.70.3.843

7. The student has paraphrased material from an article titled “The Role of Coping Humor in the Physical and Mental Health of Older Adults,” published in November 2008 in the scholarly journal Aging and Mental Health, volume 12, issue 6, pages 713-718. The journal is paginated continuously throughout the volume. The article was written by Elsa Marziali, Lynn McDonald, and Peter Donahue.

a. Marziali, E., McDonald, L., & Donahue, P. (2008). The role of coping humor in the physical and mental health of older adults. Aging and Mental Health, 12, 713-718.

b. Marziali, E., McDonald, L., & Donahue, P. (2008, November). The role of coping humor in the physical and mental health of older adults. Aging and Mental Health, 12,

713-718.

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 90 8/31/10 12:53 PM

Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011) APA 4-6 | APA documentation: reference list 91

8. The student summarized information from an audio file that was retrieved from the Web site http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99958952. The story, “Brain Study Indicates Why Some Memories Persist,” was reported by Jon Hamilton and posted on January 29, 2009. It was retrieved by the student on February 8, 2009.

a. Hamilton, J. (2008, January 29). Brain study indicates why some memories persist [Audio file]. Retrieved February 8, 2009, from http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php

?storyId=99958952

b. Hamilton, J. (2008, January 29). Brain study indicates why some memories persist [Audio file]. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php

?storyId=99958952

9. The student has paraphrased information from an abstract of a journal article titled “Aging and Emotional Memory: Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying the Positivity Effect.” The article was written by Julia Spaniol, Andreas Voss, and Cheryl L. Grady and appears on pages 859-872 of volume 23, issue 4, of Psychology and Aging, published in December 2008. The journal is paginated continuously throughout the volume.

a. Spaniol, J., Voss, A., & Grady, C. L. (2008). Abstract of Aging and emotional memory: Cognitive mechanisms underlying the positivity effect. Psychology and Aging, 23,

859-872.

b. Spaniol, J., Voss, A., & Grady, C. L. (2008). Aging and emotional memory: Cognitive mechanisms underlying the positivity effect [Abstract]. Psychology and Aging, 23,

859-872.

10. The student is quoting material from a doctoral dissertation by Lea Angela Truman Drye titled Examining the Relationship of Education and Late-Life Mental Activity with Cognitive Decline, dated 2008. The dissertation was retrieved from the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database and has the accession number AAT 3309643.

a. Drye, L. A. T. (2008). Examining the relationship of education and late-life mental activity with cognitive decline (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations

and Theses database. (AAT 3309643)

b. Drye, L. A. T. (2008). Examining the relationship of education and late-life mental activity with cognitive decline. Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.

(AAT 3309643)

02_HAC_64889_APA_(051-096).indd 91 8/31/10 12:53 PM

96 APA 4-8 | APA documentation Hacker/Sommers, Working with Sources: Exercises for

A Writer’s Reference, 7th ed. (Boston: Bedford, 2011)

Name Section Date

EXERCISE APA 4-8 ◆ APA documentation To read about APA documentation, see APA-4 in A Writer’s Reference, Seventh Edition.

Write “true” if the statement is true or “false” if it is false.

1. A page number is required for all APA in-text citations.

2. In the text of a paper, the author(s) of a source and the source’s date must be given either in a signal phrase introducing the cited material or in parentheses following it.

3. The list of references is organized alphabetically by authors’ last names (or by title for a work with no author).

4. When citing a source with two authors in the text of the paper, use an ampersand (&) to join the names either in a signal phrase introducing the source or in parentheses at the end of the

citation.

5. When you include a page number in parentheses at the end of a citation, precede the number with the abbreviation “p.” or “pp.”

6. APA style recommends using the present tense in a signal phrase introducing cited material (for example, “Baker reports that” or “Wu argues that”).

7. When a paper cites two or more works by an author published in the same year, each work is assigned a lowercase letter, beginning with “a,” based on the alphabetical order of the works’

titles. The letter appears after the year of publication in both in-text citations and the list of

references.

8. If available, a date is supplied for all in-text citations; if no date is available, the abbreviation “n.d.” is used instead.

9. If a work has more than seven authors, use the first author’s name followed by “et al.” in the reference list.

10. For a work with an unknown author, give the work’s full title and its date in a signal phrase introducing the source or use a brief title and the date in parentheses following the source.

Name “Anonymous” as the author only if the work specifies “Anonymous” as the author.