Chi-Square Worksheet
This worksheet will provide you with experience in calculating (by hand or using Microsoft® Excel®) the formulas from the weekly readings. Using these formulas and performing these calculations will provide with you an understanding of how and why statistical formulas work and what they mean. This worksheet also provides you the opportunity to interpret results in the context of specific problems, which in turn provides experience that will assist you in critically evaluating current research in your field.
Part 1: Interpret Chi-Square Results
Review the following output from a chi-square test, and answer the questions below.
Chi-Square Test Frequencies:
Preference
| Observed N | Expected N | Residual | |
| Nuts & Grits | 9 | 20.0 | -11.0 |
| Bacon Surprise | 27 | 20.0 | 7.0 |
| Dimples | 16 | 20.0 | -4.0 |
| Froggy | 17 | 20.0 | -3.0 |
| Chocolate Delight | 31 | 20.0 | 11.0 |
| Total | 100 |
Test Statistics
| Preference | |
| Chi-Square | 15.800a |
| df | 4 |
| Asymp. Sig. | .003 |
a 0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 20.0.
Answer the following questions about this chi-square output in one to two sentences each:
1. How many categories are listed for analysis?
2. What is the expected N size?
3. What is the chi-square value?
4. How many degrees of freedom are there?
5. What it the test statistic and what does it tell you about the probability?
Part 2: Conduct a Chi-Square Test
Imagine you are the manager of a non-profit business, and you are looking to hire a recent college graduate. You list the position as paying $20,000/year. After interviewing candidates you decide that some will be offered the expected salary, while some will be offered more because of experience and interviewing skills. Others will be offered less than expected until they can demonstrate competence and their salary will increase when they are fully qualified.
Using Microsoft® Excel®, run a chi square Goodness of Fit test to determine whether these observed starting salaries are significantly different. What do the findings tell you?
Write a 75- to 100-word summary to describe your results.
Paste your Microsoft® Excel® output below your summary.
| Expected Salaries | Observed Salaries | |
| Applicant 1 | $20,000 | $17,500 |
| Applicant 2 | $20,000 | $20,000 |
| Applicant 3 | $20,000 | $22,000 |
| Applicant 4 | $20,000 | $20,500 |
| Applicant 5 | $20,000 | $20,000 |