Nursing

Health and Illness ■ 63 workouts available at most gymnasiums and the notion of being fit. Figure 4–3 represents a resource from within the Asian-American communities—the game of Go. The game requires concentration and skill and is highly competitive. Figure 4–4 represents resources for primary care and over-the-counter remedies that may be used both for […]

Health and Illness All things are connected. Whatever befalls the earth befalls the children of the earth. —Chief Seattle Suqwamish and Duwamish ■ Objectives 1. Understand health and illness and the social determinants that affect them. 2. Reexamine and redefine the concepts of health and illness. 3. Understand the multiple relationships between health and illness.

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Keeping Up The following resources will be helpful in maintaining current information re- lated to the demographics of your location, the United States, and your state; immigration issues and policies; and poverty: United States Census 2010 http://2010.census.gov/2010census/ Department of Homeland Security http://www.dhs.gov/index.shtm Poverty: United States Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ poverty Bishaw, A., & Macartney, S. (2010).

Subsistence economy Diversity ■ 59 water are scarce, and the person suffers from chronically poor nutrition. These conditions all too often lead to high morbidity and accident rates, precipitating high health care costs, which, in turn, prevent the person from seeking health care services. Thus, there is an increase in sickness and poor production, in

The Cycle of Poverty. Poor intellectual and physical development Poor economic production Important role of high human reproduction High cost of health care needs High incidence of illness Lack of preventive care Increased sickness Poor production Lack of potable water Poor nutrition Poor and densely populated housing Insufficient salaries Place Your Order Here!

Non-Hispanic Whites was 7.5%; ■ Asians was 10.9%; ■ Hispanics was 21.9%; and ■ people 65 years old and over was 10.2% (Bishaw & Macartney, S. (2010)). Cycle of Poverty Poverty is more than the absence of money. One way of analyzing the phe- nomenon is by observing the effects of the “cycle of poverty,”

globalization of the economy; ■ decline in the real minimum wage; ■ decline in unionization; ■ increase in immigration; and ■ increase in families headed by women (from 10% in 1970 to 18% in 1996 and 24.7% in 2000—households headed by women generally have lower incomes). In fact, in households headed by women, with no

increases the opportunity to engage in health promoting behaviors. Health also may affect income by restricting the type and amount of employment a person may seek or by preventing a person from working. Table 3–8 Poverty Weighted Average Thresholds for the Years 1986–2011 by Persons in Household Year First Person Two Persons Four Persons 1986

Housing Section 8 Low-Income Housing Assistance Provides rental assistance through vouchers or rental subsidies to eligible low-income families Source: Nilsen, S. (2007). Poverty in America—Report to Congressional Requesters. Washington, DC: United States Government Accountability Office. 56 ■ Chapter 3 noncash benefits, such as employer-provided health insurance, food stamps, or Medicaid. The poverty-level figures are used