TECHNOLOGY AND CHANGE “The Civil War,” says one writer, “cut a wide gash through the history of the country; it dramatized in a stroke the changes that had begun to take place during the preceding 20 or 30 years . . . .” War needs had enor- mously stimulated manufacturing, speeding an economic process based […]
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THE CIVIL WAR AND NEW PATTERNS OF AMERICAN POLITICS CHAPTER 7: THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY 153 The Republicans prosecuted the war with little regard for civil liberties. In September 1862, Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus and imposed martial law on those who interfered with recruitment or gave aid
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THE END OF RECONSTRUCTION As time passed, it became more and more obvious that the problems of the South were not being solved by harsh laws and continuing rancor against former Confederates . More- over, some Southern Radical state governments with prominent Af- rican-American officials appeared corrupt and inefficient . The nation was quickly tiring
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RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION Both Lincoln and Johnson had foreseen that the Congress would have the right to deny Southern leg- islators seats in the U .S . Senate or House of Representatives, under the clause of the Constitution that says, “Each house shall be the judge of the . . . qualifications of its own mem-
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WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE For the North, the war produced a still greater hero in Abraham Lin- coln — a man eager, above all else, to weld the Union together again, not by force and repression but by CHAPTER 7: THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY 147 warmth and generosity . In
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GETTYSBURG TO APPOMATTOX Yet none of the Confederate vic- tories was decisive . The Union sim- ply mustered new armies and tried again . Believing that the North’s crushing defeat at Chancellorsville gave him his chance, Lee struck northward into Pennsylvania at the beginning of July 1863, almost reach- ing the state capital at Harrisburg
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WESTERN ADVANCE, EASTERN STALEMATE The first large battle of the war, at Bull Run, Virginia (also known as First Manassas) near Washington, stripped away any illusions that vic- tory would be quick or easy . It also established a pattern, at least in the Eastern United States, of bloody Southern victories that never trans- lated
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SECESSION AND CIVIL WAR Lincoln’s victory in the presi- dential election of November 1860 made South Carolina’s secession from the Union December 20 a foregone conclusion . The state had long been waiting for an event that would unite the South against the antislavery forces . By February 1, 1861, five more Southern states had
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THE 1860 ELECTION In 1860 the Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln as its candidate for president . The Repub- lican platform declared that slavery could spread no farther, promised a tariff for the protection of indus- try, and pledged the enactment of a law granting free homesteads to settlers who would help in the open-
LINCOLN, DOUGLAS, AND BROWN Abraham Lincoln had long re- garded slavery as an evil . As ear- ly as 1854 in a widely publicized speech, he declared that all national legislation should be framed on the principle that slavery was to be re- stricted and eventually abolished . He contended also that the princi- ple
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