education

The Objectives-Oriented Evaluation Approach The distinguishing feature of an objectives-oriented evaluation approach is that the purposes of some activity are specified, and then the evaluation focuses on the extent to which those purposes, or objectives, are achieved. In many cases, programs already have specified objectives. In other cases, the evaluator may work with stakeholders to […]

How are logic models and program theories used in evaluation? Orienting Questions 1. What are the key concepts of the objectives-oriented evaluation approach and how has this approach influenced evaluation? How is this approach used today? 2. How are logic models and program theories used in evaluation? 3. How does theory-based evaluation differ from objectives-oriented

Other Applications of the Consumer-Oriented Approach Product evaluation is also used by organizations and industries to evaluate prod- ucts at many different stages. Successful high-technology companies such as Apple have watched and studied consumers’ reactions to iPhones and Apple stores and used these data to make changes in their products, thus using consumer-oriented evaluations for

Applying the Consumer-Oriented Approach A key step in judging a product is determining the criteria to be used. In the consumer-oriented model, these criteria are explicit and are presumably ones val- ued by the consumer. Although Scriven writes about the possibility of conducting needs assessments to identify criteria, his needs assessments are not formal sur-

The Developer of the Consumer-Oriented Evaluation Approach Consumer-oriented evaluations first became important in educational evalua- tions in the mid to late 1960s as new educational products flooded the market with the influx of funds from the federal government for product development. Michael Scriven is the evaluator best known for prompting professional evalua- tors to think

The Consumer-Oriented Evaluation Approach Like the expertise-oriented approach, consumer-oriented evaluation has existed in the practice of individuals making decisions about what to purchase, or trade, for centuries. The approaches are similar in other ways: Their primary purpose is to judge the quality of something, to establish the value, the merit or worth, of a product,

Influences of the Expertise-Oriented Approach: Uses, Strengths, and Limitations Expertise-oriented approaches, generally referred to by other names, are used extensively in the United States and other countries today. Accreditation efforts are changing and expanding. Governments continue to appoint expert commissions to study issues and make recommendations. Often, such commissions help to protect government leaders from

Educational Connoisseurship and Criticism In the previous section, we discussed applications of the expertise-oriented approach in which the experts are not necessarily evaluators. They are experts in something else—the content they are judging. Further, these applications are examples of the expertise-oriented approach, but they were formed and exist independent of the professional evaluation community. In

Funding Agency Review Panels. In the United States, most federal government agencies make use of funding panels—panels of experts in the research area to be funded—to read proposals, discuss them, and make recommendations. Generally, the funding agency has developed criteria for the reviewers and, often, members of the team meet in Washington, DC, or other

First Approaches: Expertise and Consumer-Oriented Approaches 137 accreditation), site visits by a team of external experts, and the districts’ status being affected by the results (http://www.cde.state.co.us/index_accredit.htm). Informal Review Systems Many professional review systems have a structure and a set of procedural guide- lines, and use multiple reviewers. Yet some lack the published standards or speci-