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Non-random mating   How can you mate non-randomly if you are alone? Anyway, click reset. Unlike the other four assumptions of HW, non-random mating does not change allele frequencies, instead it changes genotype frequencies from p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. Change the simulation display vertical axis so that it displays “Frequency of genotype […]

Genetic Drift OK, this one not so quick and easy. Click reset and get ready for some fun.   Drift depends upon random events; in large populations random events tend to cancel each other out, so there is minimal net effect, but in small populations random events can cause dramatic effects on outcomes. Because the

Gene flow Also quick and easy. Click reset. Note the default settings: A1 allele starts in your population at frequency 0.5, with no immigration from some other source population which also has A1 allele frequency of 0.5. Click run and nothing changes; you did that before – it is just HW.   Now change the

So what do you conclude about the evolutionary power of mutation (all by itself) to change allele frequencies? This one is quick and easy. Click reset. Then make the mutation rate of A1 to A2 something that is high but biologically plausible, e.g. 0.0001, and the reverse mutation rate A2 to A1 just leave at

Familiarize yourself with the basic controls.   Basically the software graphs allele frequency versus time for the “A1” allele (i.e. “p”) at a two allele locus. By clicking the arrow pointing down on the left side of the graph just below “Frequency of allele A1” you can opt to graph the frequency of the A2

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Experiment 8 Exercise 1: Species Interactions: Competition In this exercise you will be evaluating the effect of competition on the population size of two species of microorganisms. Be sure you have read through the readings for Week 8 as well as the introductory information for the Week 8 Experiment. When you are ready to begin,

Experiment 3 Exercise 2: Osmosis – The Movement of Water across a Membrane Before starting, let’s see what you know about the terms hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic. Examine the diagrams below. Note that the small green circles represent dissolved solutes like salt, glucose, and amino acids. You can assume that the additional space surrounding the

Experiment 3 Exercise 1: Diffusion – Movement of Solutes across a Membrane We will be using dialysis tubing to simulate a semipermeable membrane. This tubing allows small molecules (e.g., water, ions, glucose) to pass while preventing large molecules (e.g., macromolecules like proteins, starch, glycogen) from moving across. Be sure you have read over the suggested

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