Aspen HCA 320 DQ1 Explain how the lack of autonomy for APRNs impact patients in rural populations Example Solution Included
An ongoing challenge for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) has been changing state legislation that allow APRNs to practice to the fullest extent to which they were academically prepared. For this discussion question, contact the Board of Nursing (BON) in your state or access your BON online. Examine laws that govern APRNs in your state.
Consider the following: do APRNs in your state have prescriptive authority; is there legislation in place that allows them to practice autonomously; and finally, if a bill has been passed and adopted, which legislator introduced the bill and who were the strongest advocates for the bill? Then post an initial response that addresses the following:
Explain how the lack of autonomy for APRNs impact patients in rural populations. As a healthcare professional in an advocacy role, what resources could you utilize to guide you in changing policies that impact APRNS in your state? Include in your discussion the type of stakeholders and collaborative partners you would seek to guide or assist you on this cause.
Aspen HCA 320 DQ1 Explain how the lack of autonomy for APRNs impact patients in rural populations example solution
The role of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses in the healthcare industry is crucial for improving access to care, particularly in underserved regions such as rural areas. However, variations in legislation across different states affect their ability to provide comprehensive care autonomously. This can limit patient access to timely appointments with physicians and lead to delayed diagnoses and treatments, significantly impacting rural populations due to longer travel distances.
The limitations also contribute to the shortage of healthcare providers in these regions despite APRNs being qualified for primary care services that could address this gap. In Michigan, APRNs have encountered significant obstacles concerning their scope of practice, prescriptive authority, and autonomy. This discussion explores the state of APRN practice in Michigan, focusing on recent legislative changes, the consequences of limited autonomy in rural settings, and the resources and stakeholders essential for advocacy efforts.
In Michigan, nurse practitioners are subject to strict scope-of-practice laws that mandate supervision by licensed physicians rather than allowing independent practice. These laws are some of the most stringent in the nation, as they do not recognize NPs as primary care providers within the state (Nurse Practitioner License, 2023). Consequently, many NPs advocate for Michigan to transition into a Full Practice state, aiming to improve public access to affordable healthcare services.
Michigan is currently challenged by a shortage of primary care professionals, especially in rural areas where 3.4 million residents live in federally designated primary healthcare shortage areas. According to the US Health Resources and Services Administration (Bureau of Health Workforce Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) US Department of Health & Human Services, 2023), only half of their primary care needs are being addressed.
Numerous nurse practitioners in Michigan have received advanced education at the doctoral level and have acquired significant clinical expertise that meets the criteria established in other states. With a growing elderly population, there is an urgent requirement for Michigan to introduce new laws aimed at increasing healthcare accessibility for those most in need.
Current State of APRN Practice in Michigan
As of October 6, 2021, Senate Bill No. 680 was introduced in Michigan to bring about significant changes in the regulation of APRN practice (Michigan Legislature, 2021). The bill expands the prescriptive authority of nurse practitioners with specialty certification, allowing them to independently prescribe certain controlled substances without requiring delegation from a physician.
Additionally, the bill addresses the ordering and dispensing of complimentary starter dose drugs by registered professional nurses and advanced practice registered nurses. The document explains the responsibilities of supervising physicians and how these duties are delegated (Michigan Legislature, 2021). Advanced practice registered nurses, especially those holding nurse practitioner specialty certification, now have the authority to request, receive, and distribute controlled substances. This expansion strengthens their contribution to healthcare delivery.
Impact of Limited Autonomy on Rural Populations
The limited independence of APRNs, particularly nurse practitioners, has had notable consequences for patients in rural areas of Michigan. Rural communities frequently encounter difficulties obtaining healthcare because few physicians and other primary care providers are available (Zwilling & Fiandt, 2019). APRNs are strategically positioned to address this gap by providing prompt and accessible healthcare services. However, the previous mandate for nurse practitioners to operate under Collaborative Practice Agreements with physicians hindered their capacity to deliver immediate care in remote regions.
The amendments introduced by Senate Bill No. 680 address this issue by allowing nurse practitioners to diagnose, treat, and manage patients, order and interpret tests, and prescribe necessary medications without direct physician oversight. This change enables nurse practitioners to provide more timely and comprehensive care, making a significant difference in rural areas where immediate access to healthcare can be a matter of life and death.
Advocacy Resources and Stakeholders
Resources and cooperative efforts are crucial to advancing policies that benefit APRNs in Michigan. Important stakeholders involved in this advocacy effort and resources include:
Michigan Council of Nurse Practitioners (MICNP): MICNP is a helpful resource and ally in advocacy efforts since it has been a well-known advocate for nurse practitioners in Michigan (Michigan Council of Nurse Practitioners, 2023).
Legislators: Senate Bill No. 680 was introduced by Senators Outman, Barrett, Runestad, Santana, Irwin, and Schmidt. Making ties and developing a rapport with these lawmakers is essential to pushing for additional improvements.
Physician Associations: Finding common ground in advancing healthcare legislation and addressing the scope of practice challenges requires cooperation with groups like the Michigan State Medical Society.
Rural Health Organizations: Collaborating with institutions such as the Michigan Center for Rural Health can aid in bringing attention to the distinct healthcare obstacles rural communities encounter.
Patient Advocacy Groups: By involving patient advocacy groups, governments can garner public support for expanding APRN practice, making it an appealing subject.
Recent legislative amendments in Michigan, including Senate Bill No. 680, have created opportunities for advanced practice registered nurses, especially nurse practitioners, to work with greater independence and more comprehensive prescribing capabilities. These revisions play a crucial role in enhancing healthcare availability in rural areas.
Engaging in cooperative initiatives with relevant stakeholders and advocacy groups is imperative to continue progressing these regulations. Through collaboration, healthcare providers can improve medical services in Michigan, ultimately positively impacting patients’ well-being, particularly those residing in underserved rural areas.
Use the learning materials and additional resource readings from this week and reflect on whether you oppose or support the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Consider the nursing professional’s position as a caregiver and/or the healthcare leader as an administrator. Explore two significant components of the ACA that could potentially impact specific populations unjustly.
Appraise the current political climate as it relates to repealing and replacing the ACA. For this week’s discussion, identify at least two reasons for keeping the ACA and at least two reasons that it should be repealed, replaced, or revised. Provide a rationale for each.
HCA 320 DQ 4 Joint Commission and Patient Safety
The Joint Commission determines the highest priority patient safety issues and how best to address them, including as a National Patient Safety Goal (NPSG). Access the Joint Commission website for the most current NPSGs. Select one or more NPSGs and address the following: Explain the rationale for applying the NPSG in nursing practice. Discuss some of the benefits and/or challenges of implementing the NPSG in a healthcare organization. How does the appropriate application of the elements of performance in the NPSG reduce negative patient outcomes?
HCA 320 Module 2 Healthcare Policy Healthcare Coverage Gap
The ACA was meant to provide quality healthcare coverage for all yet a coverage gap for some populations especially in states that oppose Medicaid expansion. Based on what you have learned so far in this course, create a PowerPoint presentation that addresses the coverage gap problem, who is impacted by the coverage gap, the role the ACA plays in the coverage gap, why the coverage gap should be closed, and solutions/ recommendations for closing the gap. Address the following in your PowerPoint:
Select one state opposed to Medicaid expansion and describe why. Then, consider your own state. What are the benefits and drawbacks of Medicaid expansion in your state?
Define what the coverage gap is (problem/issue)
Discuss how the coverage gap impacts low low-income healthcare consumer population.
What role does the ACA have in widening or closing the coverage gap?
Why is it important to close the gap (implications for positive social change)?
What are some solutions to closing the coverage gap and how can healthcare equity help close the gap? Include recommendations and/or solutions.
Your PowerPoint presentation should include/address:
Title Slide (1 slide)
Objectives Slide (1 slide)
Medicaid expansion (1-2 slides)
Coverage gap – define/problem/issue (1-2 slides)
Coverage gap impact on low-income healthcare consumers (2-3 slides)
Role ACA has in widening or closing the coverage gap (1-2 slides)
Close the gap (1-2 slides)
Solutions to closing the coverage gap and how can healthcare equity help close the gap? (2-3 slides)
Start by reading and following these instructions:
Study the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully.
Consider the discussion and any insights you gained from it.
Review the assignment rubric and the specifications below to ensure that your response aligns with all assignment expectations.
Create your assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, and check your spelling.
The following specifications are required for this assignment:
Length: 9-14 slides; answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner
Structure: Include a title slide and reference slide in APA format. These do not count towards the minimum slide count for this assignment. Your presentation must include an objectives slide. Be sure to fully explain all slides in the Speaker Notes.
References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. A minimum of three (3) scholarly sources are required for this assignment.
Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft PowerPoint document (.pptx)
Filename: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.docx”)
Undergrad PowerPoint Assignment Rubric v1
Criteria
Does Not Meet 0%
Approaches 60%
Meets 70%
Exceeds 100%
Criterion Score
Criterion: Content/Quality of Information Weight: 40%
0 points Topic is inappropriate to assignment, not based on scholarly information (if required), unclear and difficult to understand, no hyperlinks to credible sites; did not include required assignment components; slide notes missing (if required).
24 points Topic is mostly covered and appropriate to assignment, but not based on scholarly information (if required); mostly clear and understandable; may contain hyperlinks to non-credible sites; some of required assignment components are present; minimal use of slide notes (if required).
28 points Good coverage of topic and appropriate to assignment; sound, research-based (if required) information; clear and understandable; hyperlinks to credible sites; all required assignment components are accurate and present; slide notes used appropriately (if required).
40 points In-depth coverage of topic and assignment components; outstanding clarity of information; detailed slide notes ensure all required content is well explained (if required).
Score of Criterion: Content/Quality of Information Weight: 40%, / 40
Criterion: Presentation Weight: 20%
0 points Unattractive; difficult to interpret; poor color choice and slide contrast; slide presentation unorganized; slide effects detract from the content; missing slide headings or sub-headings (if required for organization purposes); missing title/reference slides.
12 points Attractive but somewhat difficult to interpret; somewhat pleasing contrast between text and background, slide presentation may be somewhat disorganized; transitions and slide effects detract from the content; may be missing title or reference slides; included slide headings/sub-headings may detract from presentation.
14 points Attractive; easy to interpret, pleasing colors with strong contrast between text and background, slide presentation organized, good use of transitions and slide effects which enhance the presentation; both title and reference slides are present. Slide headings/sub-headings are used appropriately to organize the presentation.
20 points Excellent use of transitions and effects that enhance the presentation. Presentation is organized and designed for maximum impact of content.
Score of Criterion: Presentation Weight: 20%, / 20
Criterion: Use of Multimedia, Graphics, Diagrams, and/or Illustrations Weight: 30%
0 points Does not include required multimedia, graphics, diagrams, and/or illustrations or they are irrelevant to topic or detract from slide content or presentation as a whole.
18 points Required multimedia, graphics, diagrams, and/or illustrations are generally relevant but some may not appropriately support the slide content.
21 points Required multimedia, graphics, diagrams, and/or illustrations are highly relevant and acceptably support the slide content; sized and positioned appropriately.
30 points Required multimedia, graphics, diagrams, and/or illustrations add clarity and sophistication to the presentation content; they improve the effectiveness of the presentation.
Score of Criterion: Use of Multimedia, Graphics, Diagrams, and/or Illustrations Weight: 30%, / 30
Criterion: Writing, Mechanics, and APA Weight: 10%
0 points Style is inappropriate or does not address given audience, purpose, etc. Inconsistent grammar, spelling, and punctuation; APA format and style are not evident throughout the presentation.
6 points Style is somewhat appropriate to given audience and purpose. Repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language, sentence structure, and/or word choice are present. There are missing APA elements or some are incorrectly formatted throughout the presentation.
7 points Style is appropriate to the given audience and purpose. Word choice is specific and purposeful, and somewhat varied throughout. Minimal mechanical or typographical errors are present, but are not overly distracting. Reference slide and in-text citations have few formatting errors.
10 points Style shows originality and creativity. Word choice is dynamic and varied. Free of mechanical and typographical errors. Reference slide and other in-text citations are formatted correctly using APA elements.
Score of Criterion: Writing, Mechanics, and APA Weight: 10%, / 10
HCA 320 Module 3 Assignment Roles of Healthcare Professionals
This assignment will be at least 1500 words or more. Reflect on the roles of nurses, and other healthcare professionals as the roles of physicians in the healthcare system move from one of working in silos to a more progressive value-based system. Write a paper that discusses in detail why a value-based system may improve health care in the U. S. and address the following questions:
How has current policy transformed the current practice of nurses, physicians, and other healthcare professionals?
What distinction can you make between physicians/healthcare providers working in a fee-for-service system and a value-based care system?
How do you view shared power between physicians and nurses in your healthcare system? How does it impact care?
Start by reading and following these instructions:
Study the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully.
Consider the discussion and any insights you gained from it.
Review the assignment rubric and the specifications below to ensure that your response aligns with all assignment expectations.
Create your assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, and check your spelling.
The following specifications are required for this assignment:
Length: 1500-2000 words, answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner
Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA format. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. Your essay must include an introduction and a conclusion.
References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. A minimum of two (2) scholarly sources are required for this assignment.
Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx).
Filename: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.docx”)
Undergrad Simple Essay Rubric v1
Criteria
Does Not Meet 0%
Approaches 60%
Meets 70%
Exceeds 100%
Criterion Score
Content Weight: 30%
0 points Topic is inappropriate to assignment, inaccurate understanding of concepts, unclear and difficult to understand; does not address many assignment requirements. Information has weak or no connection to the assignment topic.
18 points Topic is mostly covered and appropriate to assignment, but does not adequately demonstrate accurate understanding of concepts; mostly clear and understandable; lacks some of the requirements of the assignment description and/or provides little detail; Information relates to the main topic, but few details and/or examples are given.
21 points Topic is covered completely and appropriate to assignment; overview of key concept dimensions is evident; clear and understandable; addresses all of the requirements of the assignment description, with adequate attention to detail.
30 points In-depth coverage of topic; outstanding clarity and explanation of concepts demonstrated in information presented; approaches assignment with depth and breadth, without redundancy, using clear and focused details.
Score of Content Weight: 30%, / 30
Organization Weight: 25%
0 points Organization is confusing and interferes with reader’s ability to follow ideas. Weak or no introduction of topic or purpose is unclear, weak, or missing. Conclusion lacks a summary of topic, or is missing or irrelevant.
15 points Ideas are sometimes disorganized or irrelevant; Flow is sometimes choppy; somewhat clear organization. Basic introduction that states topic but is presented in an uninteresting way. Conclusion contains basic summary of topic without final concluding ideas, may inappropriately introduces new information.
17.5 points Structures ideas in a coherent, organized order that has good flow and an obvious framework. Proficient introduction that is interesting and states topic. Conclusion contains good summary of topic with credible concluding ideas and introduces no new information.
25 points Exceptionally clear, logical, mature, and thorough organization permitting smooth flow of ideas; Introduction that grabs interest of reader and states topic in clear, unambiguous terms. Excellent concluding summary with succinct and precise ideas that impact reader.
Score of Organization Weight: 25%, / 25
Logic/Argument Weight: 15%
0 points Demonstrates little logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within assignment; Many claims are weak or illogical.
9 points Lacks some logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment; Some claims are weak.
10.5 points Uses solid logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment.
15 points Provides exemplary logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment.
Score of Logic/Argument Weight: 15%, / 15
Support Weight: 20%
0 points Lacks support; Uses poor sources for references; Citations lack credibility, relevance, or academic quality or are not current; Does not meet the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. APA format and style are not evident.
12 points Provides weak support or not enough support; Citations are not consistently credible, current, relevant or academic; Meets the minimum number of required citations in assignment description Missing APA elements; in-text citations, where necessary, are used but formatted inaccurately and not referenced.
14 points Provides sufficient support with credible, current, relevant academic citations; Meets the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. ; In-text citations and a reference page are present with few format errors. Mechanics of writing are reflective of APA style.
20 points Provides very strong support from credible, current, relevant, academic citations; Meets or exceeds the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. Accurate citations and references are presented. No APA errors are evident.
Score of Support Weight: 20%, / 20
Quality of Written Communication Weight: 10%
0 points Style and voice inappropriate or do not address given audience, purpose, etc. Word choice is excessively redundant, clichéd, and unspecific. Inconsistent grammar, spelling, punctuation, and paragraphing. Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning.
6 points Style and voice are somewhat appropriate to given audience and purpose. Word choice is often unspecific, generic, redundant, and clichéd. Repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language, sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.
7 points Style and voice are appropriate to the given audience and purpose. Word choice is specific and purposeful, and somewhat varied throughout. Minimal mechanical or typographical errors are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.
10 points Style and voice are not only appropriate to the given audience and purpose, but also show originality and creativity. Word choice is specific, purposeful, dynamic and varied. Free of mechanical and typographical errors. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
Score of Quality of Written Communication Weight: 10%, / 10
Reflect upon the patient experience, patient safety, and healthcare cost as well as Joint Commission’s role in quality healthcare. Write a paper that addresses the following questions:
How would you apply the principles of the Quadruple Aim initiative to improve quality, safety and satisfaction in the acute care or long-term care setting?
Reflect on your current or future role in healthcare. How you would you, in the role of director of nursing or healthcare administrator contribute to improving cost effective quality care, patient satisfaction, and patient safety?
What practices would you apply to minimize medical errors among front-line nursing staff?
Start by reading and following these instructions:
Study the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully.
Consider the discussion and the any insights you gained from it.
Review the assignment rubric and the specifications below to ensure that your response aligns with all assignment expectations.
Create your assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, and check your spelling.
The following specifications are required for this assignment:
Length: 1500-2000 words; answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner
Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA format. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. Your essay must include an introduction and a conclusion.
References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. A minimum of two (2) scholarly sources are required for this assignment.
Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx).
Filename: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.docx”)
0 points Topic is inappropriate to assignment, inaccurate understanding of concepts, unclear and difficult to understand; does not address many assignment requirements. Information has weak or no connection to the assignment topic.
18 points Topic is mostly covered and appropriate to assignment, but does not adequately demonstrate accurate understanding of concepts; mostly clear and understandable; lacks some of the requirements of the assignment description and/or provides little detail; Information relates to the main topic, but few details and/or examples are given.
21 points Topic is covered completely and appropriate to assignment; overview of key concept dimensions is evident; clear and understandable; addresses all of the requirements of the assignment description, with adequate attention to detail.
30 points In-depth coverage of topic; outstanding clarity and explanation of concepts demonstrated in information presented; approaches assignment with depth and breadth, without redundancy, using clear and focused details.
Score of Content Weight: 30%, / 30
Organization Weight: 25%
0 points Organization is confusing and interferes with reader’s ability to follow ideas. Weak or no introduction of topic or purpose is unclear, weak, or missing. Conclusion lacks a summary of topic, or is missing or irrelevant.
15 points Ideas are sometimes disorganized or irrelevant; Flow is sometimes choppy; somewhat clear organization. Basic introduction that states topic but is presented in an uninteresting way. Conclusion contains basic summary of topic without final concluding ideas, may inappropriately introduces new information.
17.5 points Structures ideas in a coherent, organized order that has good flow and an obvious framework. Proficient introduction that is interesting and states topic. Conclusion contains good summary of topic with credible concluding ideas and introduces no new information.
25 points Exceptionally clear, logical, mature, and thorough organization permitting smooth flow of ideas; Introduction that grabs interest of reader and states topic in clear, unambiguous terms. Excellent concluding summary with succinct and precise ideas that impact reader.
Score of Organization Weight: 25%, / 25
Logic/Argument Weight: 15%
0 points Demonstrates little logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within assignment; Many claims are weak or illogical.
9 points Lacks some logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment; Some claims are weak.
10.5 points Uses solid logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment.
15 points Provides exemplary logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment.
Score of Logic/Argument Weight: 15%, / 15
Support Weight: 20%
0 points Lacks support; Uses poor sources for references; Citations lack credibility, relevance, or academic quality or are not current; Does not meet the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. APA format and style are not evident.
12 points Provides weak support or not enough support; Citations are not consistently credible, current, relevant or academic; Meets the minimum number of required citations in assignment description Missing APA elements; in-text citations, where necessary, are used but formatted inaccurately and not referenced.
14 points Provides sufficient support with credible, current, relevant academic citations; Meets the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. ; In-text citations and a reference page are present with few format errors. Mechanics of writing are reflective of APA style.
20 points Provides very strong support from credible, current, relevant, academic citations; Meets or exceeds the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. Accurate citations and references are presented. No APA errors are evident.
Score of Support Weight: 20%, / 20
Quality of Written Communication Weight: 10%
0 points Style and voice inappropriate or do not address given audience, purpose, etc. Word choice is excessively redundant, clichéd, and unspecific. Inconsistent grammar, spelling, punctuation, and paragraphing. Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning.
6 points Style and voice are somewhat appropriate to given audience and purpose. Word choice is often unspecific, generic, redundant, and clichéd. Repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language, sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.
7 points Style and voice are appropriate to the given audience and purpose. Word choice is specific and purposeful, and somewhat varied throughout. Minimal mechanical or typographical errors are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.
10 points Style and voice are not only appropriate to the given audience and purpose, but also show originality and creativity. Word choice is specific, purposeful, dynamic and varied. Free of mechanical and typographical errors. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
Score of Quality of Written Communication Weight: 10%, / 10
HCA 320 Module 5 Assignment Global Health Policy and the Future
This assignment will be a 5 to 7-minute video presentation with slide presentation using a recording format of the student’s selection; a link, MP4, Screencast-0-Matic, Zoom, Webex, YouTube, PowerPoint (utilizing audio slide recording), etc. Answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner.
In the Learning Materials under Additional Resources Review:
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2017). Global health and the future role of the United States. -> Review TABLE S-1 Committee Recommendations and Corresponding Actions on page 3 (these come from the global health report and are global recommendations) and the four Priority Areas for Action starting on page 4 that further explain the 14 Recommendations in TABLE S-1.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
*Select and review ONE of the 14 Recommendations OR an SDG that align with your interests or one you feel passionate about that could significantly improve global health.
Consider what steps healthcare professionals can take to advocate for vulnerable people at a global level.
This assignment will require you to create a 5 to 7-minute video or audio recording in a PowerPoint presentation.
Reflect on global issues in healthcare and address the following in your presentation:
Briefly describe the selected global recommendation or SDG and the identified vulnerable population
Analyze current healthcare policies that impact your selected global recommendation or SDG
Explain the reason you selected the global recommendation or SDG and why it is relevant to the vulnerable population.
Discuss why the global recommendation you selected should be implemented or the SDG you selected should be achieved, including why there should be funding to implement the global recommendation or SDG.
Start by reading and following these instructions:
Study the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully.
Consider the discussion and any insights you gained from it.
Review the assignment rubric and the specifications below to ensure that your response aligns with all assignment expectations.
Create your assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, and check your spelling.
The following specifications are required for this assignment:
Length: 5-to-7-minute video presentation with slide presentation; answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner. Use a recording platform of your choice such as a link, MP4, Screencast-o-matic, Zoom, Webex, Youtube, PowerPoint (utilizing audio slide recording) etc. Save the recording as a link, MP4, or PowerPoint file with audio and upload directly the dropbox.
Structure: Include a title, objectives, and reference slides in APA format. Your presentation must include an introduction and a conclusion.
References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. A minimum of three (3) scholarly sources are required for this assignment.
Format: Save your assignment as a link, MP4, Screencast-o-matic, Zoom, Webex, Youtube, PowerPoint (utilizing audio slide recording) etc.
Filename: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.mp4”)
Undergrad Video-Oral Communication Response Assignment Rubric v1
Criteria
Does Not Meet 0%
Approaches 60%
Meets 70%
Exceeds 100%
Criterion Score
Content of Information in Video Weight: 30%
0 points Topic is inappropriate to assignment, inaccurate understanding of concepts, unclear and difficult to understand
18 points Topic is mostly covered and appropriate to assignment, but does not adequately demonstrate accurate understanding of concepts; mostly clear and understandable
21 points Topic is completely covered and appropriate to assignment; overview of key concept dimensions is evident; clear and understandable
30 points In-depth coverage of topic; outstanding clarity and explanation of concepts demonstrated in information presented
Score of Content of Information in Video Weight: 30%, / 30
Oral Communication Weight: 30%
0 points Central message cannot be deduced, nor is it explicitly stated in presentation; delivery techniques (posture, gestures, eye contact, vocals) detract from understandability of presentation and speaker appears nervous and uncomfortable; language choices are unclear, minimally support effectiveness of presentation, or are inappropriate for audience.
18 points Central message is basically understandable, but information is repeated and somewhat disorganized; delivery techniques make speaker appear tentative and unsure; language choice is mundane and commonplace, though somewhat appropriate for audience.
21 points Central message is clear and consistent with content; delivery techniques make speaker appear comfortable; language choices are thoughtful and appropriate for audience.
30 points Central message is compelling and well supported; delivery techniques make speaker appear confident and polished; language choices are imaginative, memorable, and compelling to support the effectiveness of the presentation.
Score of Oral Communication Weight: 30%, / 30
Organization Weight: 20%
0 points Organization pattern (specific introduction/ conclusion, sequenced material within the body, and transitions) is not observable within the presentation.
12 points Organization pattern is intermittently observable within the presentation.
14 points Organization pattern is clear and observable within the presentation.
20 points Organization pattern is skillful and permits a cohesiveness in the presentation.
Score of Organization Weight: 20%, / 20
Supporting Materials Weight: 20%
0 points Insufficient supporting materials (explanations, examples, illustrations, etc.) do not make reference to information/topic; materials do not establish speaker’s credibility/authority on the topic.
12 points Sufficient supporting materials make reference to information/ topic, but do not completely establish speaker’s credibility/ authority on the topic.
14 points Supporting materials make explicit reference to information/ topic and generally supports it; materials establish speaker’s credibility/ authority.
20 points A wide variety of supporting materials appropriately reference information and analysis is evident.
HCA 320 Module 6 Assignment Accountability in Healthcare
Accountability in Healthcare
This assignment will be at least 1500 words. Address each bulleted item (topic) in detail including the questions that follow each bullet. There should be three (3) sections in your paper; one for each bullet below. Separate each section in your paper with a clear brief heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper. Include a “Conclusion” section that summarizes all topics.
This week you will reflect upon accountability in healthcare and address the following questions:
Briefly define an Accountable Care Organization (ACO) and how it impacts healthcare providers:
1. How do ACOs differ from the health maintenance organizations (HMOs) of earlier years
2. What role does health information technology (HIT) play in the newer models of care?
What is the benefit of hospitals partnering with primary care providers?
1. How does bundling payments contain healthcare costs?
2. How does pay for performance (P4P) improve quality care?
Briefly discuss the value-based purchasing program?
1. How do value-based purchasing (VBP) programs affect reimbursement to hospitals?
2. Who benefits the most from value-based reimbursement and why?
3. How does the VBP program measure hospital performance?
M6 Assignment UMBO – 2, 3M6 Assignment PLG – BSHCA – 4, 5 RN-BSN – 1, 3, 5M6 Assignment CLO – 1
HCA 320 Module 6 Assignment Accountability in Healthcare Submissions
Start by reading and following these instructions:
Study the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully.
Consider the discussion and any insights you gained from it.
Review the assignment rubric and the specifications below to ensure that your response aligns with all assignment expectations.
Create your assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, and check your spelling.
The following specifications are required for this assignment:
Length: 1500-2000 words; answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner
Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA format. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. Your essay must include an introduction and a conclusion.
References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. A minimum of two (2) scholarly sources are required for this assignment.
Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx).
Filename: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.docx”)
0 points Topic is inappropriate to assignment, inaccurate understanding of concepts, unclear and difficult to understand; does not address many assignment requirements. Information has weak or no connection to the assignment topic.
18 points Topic is mostly covered and appropriate to assignment, but does not adequately demonstrate accurate understanding of concepts; mostly clear and understandable; lacks some of the requirements of the assignment description and/or provides little detail; Information relates to the main topic, but few details and/or examples are given.
21 points Topic is covered completely and appropriate to assignment; overview of key concept dimensions is evident; clear and understandable; addresses all of the requirements of the assignment description, with adequate attention to detail.
30 points In-depth coverage of topic; outstanding clarity and explanation of concepts demonstrated in information presented; approaches assignment with depth and breadth, without redundancy, using clear and focused details.
Score of Content Weight: 30%, / 30
Organization Weight: 25%
0 points Organization is confusing and interferes with reader’s ability to follow ideas. Weak or no introduction of topic or purpose is unclear, weak, or missing. Conclusion lacks a summary of topic, or is missing or irrelevant.
15 points Ideas are sometimes disorganized or irrelevant; Flow is sometimes choppy; somewhat clear organization. Basic introduction that states topic but is presented in an uninteresting way. Conclusion contains basic summary of topic without final concluding ideas, may inappropriately introduces new information.
17.5 points Structures ideas in a coherent, organized order that has good flow and an obvious framework. Proficient introduction that is interesting and states topic. Conclusion contains good summary of topic with credible concluding ideas and introduces no new information.
25 points Exceptionally clear, logical, mature, and thorough organization permitting smooth flow of ideas; Introduction that grabs interest of reader and states topic in clear, unambiguous terms. Excellent concluding summary with succinct and precise ideas that impact reader.
Score of Organization Weight: 25%, / 25
Logic/Argument Weight: 15%
0 points Demonstrates little logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within assignment; Many claims are weak or illogical.
9 points Lacks some logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment; Some claims are weak.
10.5 points Uses solid logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment.
15 points Provides exemplary logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment.
Score of Logic/Argument Weight: 15%, / 15
Support Weight: 20%
0 points Lacks support; Uses poor sources for references; Citations lack credibility, relevance, or academic quality or are not current; Does not meet the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. APA format and style are not evident.
12 points Provides weak support or not enough support; Citations are not consistently credible, current, relevant or academic; Meets the minimum number of required citations in assignment description Missing APA elements; in-text citations, where necessary, are used but formatted inaccurately and not referenced.
14 points Provides sufficient support with credible, current, relevant academic citations; Meets the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. ; In-text citations and a reference page are present with few format errors. Mechanics of writing are reflective of APA style.
20 points Provides very strong support from credible, current, relevant, academic citations; Meets or exceeds the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. Accurate citations and references are presented. No APA errors are evident.
Score of Support Weight: 20%, / 20
Quality of Written Communication Weight: 10%
0 points Style and voice inappropriate or do not address given audience, purpose, etc. Word choice is excessively redundant, clichéd, and unspecific. Inconsistent grammar, spelling, punctuation, and paragraphing. Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning.
6 points Style and voice are somewhat appropriate to given audience and purpose. Word choice is often unspecific, generic, redundant, and clichéd. Repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language, sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.
7 points Style and voice are appropriate to the given audience and purpose. Word choice is specific and purposeful, and somewhat varied throughout. Minimal mechanical or typographical errors are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.
10 points Style and voice are not only appropriate to the given audience and purpose, but also show originality and creativity. Word choice is specific, purposeful, dynamic and varied. Free of mechanical and typographical errors. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
Score of Quality of Written Communication Weight: 10%, / 10
Consider how compensation for healthcare services shapes the delivery of care and reflects policy and policy changes and write a paper that addresses the bullets below. Be sure to completely address each bullet point. There should be four (4) sections in your paper; one for each bullet below.
Separate each section in your paper with a clear brief heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper. Include a “Conclusion” section that summarizes all topics. This assignment will be at least 1250 words.
This week you will reflect upon accountability in healthcare finance to address the following:
Discuss the history of private health insurance and managed care and how it is involved in the healthcare industry.
Identify the key federal laws that protect individuals who are enrolled in private insurance.
Briefly discuss consumer-driven healthcare and the empowerment of the healthcare consumer.
Explore the opportunities that have emerged for nurses within the private insurance market.
Start by reading and following these instructions:
Study the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully.
Consider the discussion and the any insights you gained from it.
Review the assignment rubric and the specifications below to ensure that your response aligns with all assignment expectations.
Create your assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, and check your spelling.
The following specifications are required for this assignment:
Length: 1250-1500 words; answers must thoroughly address the question in a clear, concise manner
Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA format. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. Your essay must include an introduction and a conclusion.
References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. A minimum of two (2) scholarly sources are required for this assignment.
Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx).
Filename: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.docx”)
0 points Topic is inappropriate to assignment, inaccurate understanding of concepts, unclear and difficult to understand; does not address many assignment requirements. Information has weak or no connection to the assignment topic.
18 points Topic is mostly covered and appropriate to assignment, but does not adequately demonstrate accurate understanding of concepts; mostly clear and understandable; lacks some of the requirements of the assignment description and/or provides little detail; Information relates to the main topic, but few details and/or examples are given.
21 points Topic is covered completely and appropriate to assignment; overview of key concept dimensions is evident; clear and understandable; addresses all of the requirements of the assignment description, with adequate attention to detail.
30 points In-depth coverage of topic; outstanding clarity and explanation of concepts demonstrated in information presented; approaches assignment with depth and breadth, without redundancy, using clear and focused details.
Score of Content Weight: 30%, / 30
Organization Weight: 25%
0 points Organization is confusing and interferes with reader’s ability to follow ideas. Weak or no introduction of topic or purpose is unclear, weak, or missing. Conclusion lacks a summary of topic, or is missing or irrelevant.
15 points Ideas are sometimes disorganized or irrelevant; Flow is sometimes choppy; somewhat clear organization. Basic introduction that states topic but is presented in an uninteresting way. Conclusion contains basic summary of topic without final concluding ideas, may inappropriately introduces new information.
17.5 points Structures ideas in a coherent, organized order that has good flow and an obvious framework. Proficient introduction that is interesting and states topic. Conclusion contains good summary of topic with credible concluding ideas and introduces no new information.
25 points Exceptionally clear, logical, mature, and thorough organization permitting smooth flow of ideas; Introduction that grabs interest of reader and states topic in clear, unambiguous terms. Excellent concluding summary with succinct and precise ideas that impact reader.
Score of Organization Weight: 25%, / 25
Logic/Argument Weight: 15%
0 points Demonstrates little logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within assignment; Many claims are weak or illogical.
9 points Lacks some logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment; Some claims are weak.
10.5 points Uses solid logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment.
15 points Provides exemplary logical reasoning for the claims and thoughts within the assignment.
Score of Logic/Argument Weight: 15%, / 15
Support Weight: 20%
0 points Lacks support; Uses poor sources for references; Citations lack credibility, relevance, or academic quality or are not current; Does not meet the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. APA format and style are not evident.
12 points Provides weak support or not enough support; Citations are not consistently credible, current, relevant or academic; Meets the minimum number of required citations in assignment description Missing APA elements; in-text citations, where necessary, are used but formatted inaccurately and not referenced.
14 points Provides sufficient support with credible, current, relevant academic citations; Meets the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. ; In-text citations and a reference page are present with few format errors. Mechanics of writing are reflective of APA style.
20 points Provides very strong support from credible, current, relevant, academic citations; Meets or exceeds the minimum number of required citations in assignment description. Accurate citations and references are presented. No APA errors are evident.
Score of Support Weight: 20%, / 20
Quality of Written Communication Weight: 10%
0 points Style and voice inappropriate or do not address given audience, purpose, etc. Word choice is excessively redundant, clichéd, and unspecific. Inconsistent grammar, spelling, punctuation, and paragraphing. Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning.
6 points Style and voice are somewhat appropriate to given audience and purpose. Word choice is often unspecific, generic, redundant, and clichéd. Repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language, sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.
7 points Style and voice are appropriate to the given audience and purpose. Word choice is specific and purposeful, and somewhat varied throughout. Minimal mechanical or typographical errors are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.
10 points Style and voice are not only appropriate to the given audience and purpose, but also show originality and creativity. Word choice is specific, purposeful, dynamic and varied. Free of mechanical and typographical errors. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
Score of Quality of Written Communication Weight: 10%, / 10
Consider how people qualify to receive Medicare and/or Medicaid and write a paper that addresses the bullets below. There should be four (4) sections in your paper; one for each bullet below. Separate each section in your paper with a clear brief heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper. Start your paper with an introduction and include a “Conclusion” section that summarizes all topics. This paper should consist of at least 1750 words and no more than 2000.
This week reflect upon the Medicare and Medicaid programs to address the following:
Describe the Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) and explain how the QIO improves policies and healthcare for Medicare beneficiaries.
Briefly define the qualifications for Medicare and Medicaid benefits. How can qualifications be modified to serve more people who are considered a vulnerable population?
Discuss the impact (including at least two positive and two negative aspects) that the ACA has had on benefits and coverage for Medicare and Medicaid recipients.
Describe your role(s) as a healthcare leader as it applies to the practice of advocating for cost-effective care for vulnerable populations.
Start by reading and following these instructions:
Study the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully.
Consider the discussion and any insights you gained from it.
Review the assignment rubric and the specifications below to ensure that your response aligns with all assignment expectations.
Create your assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, and check your spelling.
The following specifications are required for this assignment:
Length: 1750-2000 words; answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner
Structure: Include a title page and reference page in APA format. These do not count towards the minimal word amount for this assignment. Your essay must include an introduction and a conclusion.
References: Use the appropriate APA style in-text citations and references for all resources utilized to answer the questions. A minimum of two (2) scholarly sources are required for this assignment.
Format: Save your assignment as a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx).
Filename: Name your saved file according to your first initial, last name, and the module number (for example, “RHall Module 1.docx”)
HCA320 Signature Assignment Rubric v1.1
Criteria
Does Not Meet Expectations
Approaches Expectations
Meets Expectations
Exceeds Expectations
Criterion Score
Topic Weight: 20%
0 points (0 – 59 pts.) Topic is inappropriate to assignment, inaccurate understanding of concepts, unclear and difficult to understand; does not address many assignment requirements. Information has weak or no connection to the assignment topic.
60 points (60 – 69 pts.) Topic is mostly covered and appropriate to assignment but does not adequately demonstrate accurate understanding of concepts; mostly clear and understandable; lacks some of the requirements of the assignment description and/or provides little detail; Information relates to the main topic, but few details and/or examples are given.
70 points (70 – 89 pts.) Topic is covered completely and appropriate to assignment; overview of key concept dimensions is evident; clear and understandable; addresses all of the requirements of the assignment description, with adequate attention to detail.
100 points (90 – 100 pts.) In-depth coverage of topic; outstanding clarity and explanation of concepts demonstrated in information presented; approaches assignment with depth and breadth, without redundancy, using clear and focused details.
0 points (0 – 44.5 pts.) Medicare QIO is not described completely or accurately; no explanation of how QIO improves policies and healthcare for Medicare beneficiaries; information has weak or no connection to the assignment topic
45 points (45 – 52 pts.) Medicare QIO is mostly covered and appropriate to assignment; but does not adequately demonstrate accurate understanding of concepts; lacks some of the requirements of the assignment description and/or provides little detail.
53 points (53 – 67 pts.) Medicare QIO is covered completely and appropriate to assignment; overview of key concept dimensions is evident; clear and understandable; addresses all the requirements of the assignment description, with adequate attention to detail.
75 points (68 – 75 pts.) In-depth coverage of Medicare QIO; outstanding clarity and explanation of concepts demonstrated in information presented; approaches assignment with depth and breadth, without redundancy, using clear and focused details.
Define the qualifications for Medicare and Medicaid benefits and how qualifications can be modified to serve vulnerable populations Weight 15%
0 points (0 – 44.5 pts.) Incomplete or no definition of the qualifications for Medicare and Medicaid benefits and how qualifications can be modified to serve vulnerable populations.
45 points (45 – 52 pts.) Qualifications for Medicare and Medicaid benefits are mostly explained but lacked details; defined qualifications for Medicare and Medicaid benefits, but did not discuss how qualifications can be modified to serve more people who are considered a vulnerable population.
53 points (53 – 67 pts.) Qualifications for Medicare and Medicaid benefits are generally defined and supported; discussed how qualifications can be modified to serve more people who are considered a vulnerable population in a generally clear manner.
75 points (68 – 75 pts.) In-depth coverage of qualifications for Medicare and Medicaid benefits including how qualifications can be modified to serve more people who are considered a vulnerable population; topic applied in an exceptionally clear manner.
Score of Define the qualifications for Medicare and Medicaid benefits and how qualifications can be modified to serve vulnerable populations Weight 15%, / 75
Impact of the Affordable Care Act on benefits and coverage for Medicare and Medicaid recipients Weight 15%
0 points (0 – 44.5 pts.) Discussion of the impact of the Affordable Care Act on benefits and coverage for Medicare and Medicaid recipients is unclear, difficult to understand or inaccurate; information has weak or no connection to the assignment topic.
45 points (45 – 52 pts.) Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Medicare and Medicaid recipients is mostly covered and appropriate to assignment, but does not adequately demonstrate accurate understanding of concepts; lacks some of the requirements of the assignment description and/or provides little detail.
53 points (53 – 67 pts.) Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Medicare and Medicaid recipients is covered completely and appropriate to assignment; overview of key ethical concepts is evident; addresses all of the requirements of the assignment description, with adequate attention to detail.
75 points (68 – 75 pts.) Comprehensive discussion on the impact of the Affordable Care Act on Medicare and Medicaid; outstanding clarity and explanation of ethical concepts demonstrated in information presented; approaches assignment with depth and breadth, without redundancy, using clear and focused details.
Score of Impact of the Affordable Care Act on benefits and coverage for Medicare and Medicaid recipients Weight 15%, / 75
Role of healthcare leader as it applies to advocating for cost-effective care Weight: 15%
0 points (0 – 44.5 pts.) Discussion of the healthcare leader’s role in advocating for cost-effective care is unclear and difficult to understand; does not address how the healthcare leader advocates for cost-effective care; role was described in an unclear or inaccurate manner.
45 points (45 – 52 pts.) Description of the role of the healthcare leader as it applies to advocating for cost-effective care is mostly covered and appropriate to assignment, but does not adequately demonstrate a clear understanding of the role; provides little detail.
53 points (53 – 67 pts.) Substantial description of the role of the healthcare leader as it applies to advocating for cost-effective care is covered completely and appropriate to assignment; presented with adequate attention to detail.
75 points (68 – 75 pts.) In-depth coverage the role of healthcare leader as it applies to advocating for cost-effective care; outstanding clarity and demonstrated in information presented.
Score of Role of healthcare leader as it applies to advocating for cost-effective care Weight: 15%, / 75
Quality of Written Communication Weight: 10%
0 points (0 – 29 pts.) Style and voice inappropriate or do not address given audience, purpose, etc. Word choice is excessively redundant, clichéd, and unspecific. Inconsistent grammar, spelling, punctuation, and paragraphing. Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Fewer than two scholarly sources utilized.
30 points (30 – 34 pts.) Style and voice are somewhat appropriate to given audience and purpose. Word choice is often unspecific, generic, redundant, and clichéd. Repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language, sentence structure, and/or word choice are present. Fewer than two scholarly sources utilized.
35 points (35 – 44 pts.) Style and voice are appropriate to the given audience and purpose. Word choice is specific and purposeful, and somewhat varied throughout. Minimal mechanical or typographical errors are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. At least two scholarly sources utilized.
50 points (45 – 50 pts.) Style and voice are not only appropriate to the given audience and purpose, but also show originality and creativity. Word choice is specific, purposeful, dynamic and varied. Free of mechanical and typographical errors. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. At least two scholarly sources utilized.
Score of Quality of Written Communication Weight: 10%, / 50
APA Format Weight: 10%
0 points (0 – 29 pts.) APA format and style are not evident.
30 points (30 – 34 pts.) Missing APA elements; in-text citations, where necessary, are used but formatted inaccurately and not referenced.
35 points (35 – 44 pts.) All key elements of an APA title page are present; In-text citations and a reference page are present with few format errors. Mechanics of writing are reflective of APA style.
50 points (45 – 50 pts.) A broad understanding of APA format and style is evident. Accurate citations and references are presented. No APA errors are evident.