Annotated Bibliography
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Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
An annotated bibliography provides a list of articles that include descriptive and evaluative comments about the sources of evidence. These comments are referred to as annotations. Therefore, the annotation bibliography consists of citations and notations. This paper is an annotated bibliography of some four articles.
de Guzman, A. B., Golosinda, D. A. F., & Gonzales, C. P. R. (2019). What shapes the self-esteem of elderly Filipinos working beyond the retirement age? A structural equation model (SEM). Educational Gerontology, 45(1), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2019.1579950
The primary objective of this study was to test a model that examines the impact of social support, health promotion, activities of daily living, and anxiety on the self-esteem of a select group of Filipino elderly working beyond the retirement age. de Guzman et al. (2019) used a study design recognized as structural equation modeling (SEM), which allows researchers to study multiple hypotheses while simultaneously controlling for error. This particular study entailed the analysis of the influence of various variables on the self-esteem of a selected group of working elderly people. This study was conducted in various communities in the Philippines. Participants were individuals aged 65 and above and working class. They included both males and females.
Various research instruments used include the respondent’s preliminary sketch, the social health battery, the self-esteem questionnaire developed by Alfred Rosenberg, and others. During data collection, the participants signed consent forms then a multi-aspect questionnaire was administered for an average of 20 minutes. Data analysis was performed via frequency and percentage using the Statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS) ver. 19. The study results showed that better social support from family and friends improves activities of daily living. Also, health promotion has a direct influence on self-esteem. The researchers concluded that SEM is a valuable tool for enhancing the care of the elderly.
van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Vermote, B., Waterschoot, J., Soenens, B., Morbée, S., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2021). The role of ego integrity and despair in older adults’ well-being during the COVID-19 crisis: the mediating role of need-based experiences. European Journal of Ageing, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-021-00610-0
The primary aim of this study was to examine possible sources of resilience (i.e., ego integrity and need satisfaction) and vulnerability (i.e., despair) in older adults’ (mal) adjustment, thereby additionally considering the role of multiple risks and protective factors (e.g., gender and marital status). van der Kaap-Deeder et al (2021) conducted their study between March 19 and April 24, 2020. A large heterogeneous group of Belgian citizens participated in the study. Individuals aged 65 years and above who agreed to participate were contacted. The study sample included 693 older adults. Participants provided their information regarding age, gender, education level, marital status, income, and others. Measures included risk/protective factors, ego integrity, and despair, need satisfaction, wellbeing, psychological distress, and plan of analysis.
Data analysis was performed via descriptive statistics and bivariate Pearson correlations. Additionally, ANOVA was used. The results of the study confirm the separate contributions of ego integrity and despair uniquely relating to vitality, life satisfaction, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms, yet in opposite ways. Concerning the risk or protective factors, 12 main factors were found to be significant (as displayed in Table 2 in the article). Concerning gender, female participants showed less life satisfaction and a higher level of depressive symptoms. People who are divorced or single showed a higher level of depressive symptoms. Having more grandchildren was associated is associated with less anxiety.
Martin, P., Kelly, N., Kahana, B., Kahana, E., Willcox, B. J., Willcox, D. C., & Poon, L. W. (2015). Defining successful aging: A tangible or elusive concept?. The Gerontologist, 55(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu044
Martin et al. (2015) carried a study whose primary purpose was to highlight the work of scholars who made a successful contribution to the topic (defining successful aging). According to the researchers, the definition of successful aging remains vague for policymakers, researchers, and laypersons despite decades of research about it, when everyone wants to age successfully. This study was a literature review and evaluation about successful aging. Martin et al. (2015) identified several themes, from which they laid their arguments. They first examined the historical perspectives of the matter. Here, they briefly identified previous views in history that are relevant to the topic. They stated that the Old Testament provides an insight into successful aging, for instance, by describing King David’s death. The Old Testament describes that “and he died at a good old age, full of dogs, riches, and honor” (Martin et al., 2015). This might be a sign of successful aging.
In gerontology, Robert Havighurst provided one of the earliest definitions of successful aging. He suggested that the science of gerontology can only provide good advice only if it has a theory of successful aging (Martin et al., 2015). He stated further that such a theory must provide conditions promoting maximum satisfaction and happiness. In one of his theories, Havighurst suggested that successful aging means maintaining middle age activities and attitudes into later adulthood. Martin et al. (2015) conducted a very long piece of literature; however, they did not provide much regarding their study methodology.
Gana, K., Bailly, N., Saada, Y., Joulain, M., & Alaphilippe, D. (2013). Does life satisfaction change in old age: Results from an 8-year longitudinal study. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(4), 540-552. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs093
This study aimed to examine longitudinal change in life satisfaction (LS) in older adults. According to Gana et al. (2013), life satisfaction (LS) is one factor in the more general construct of subjective well-being (SWB). Research on stability and change in LS with aging has yielded inconsistent results, in part because of different approaches used in measuring this construct and in quantifying its change. This study used data from an ongoing longitudinal study on adjustment to Retirement initiated in 2001 by a team of researchers at the University of Tours (France) and which followed up a noninstitutionalized aged cohort of residents from the Center of France region. Data collection was performed every 2 years. Participants were informed of the anonymous character of the study
Life satisfaction was measured using the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). which is comprised of 5 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). There were two phases of analysis. The first phase consisted of the tests of five CFA models separately for each wave to verify that the unidimensional measurement model of LS is viable at each assessment occasion (i.e., cross-sectional CFAs). The second phase consisted of the tests of longitudinal CFAs across all five waves to verify that the construct of LS, and its measurement, remain stable over time (i.e., measurement invariance). The second phase was devoted to the five waves of the 2LGM analysis. Results from both unconditional and conditional models (in which time-invariant, such as age, gender, and education, and time-varying, such as self-perceived health, covariates were incorporated in the model) indicated a linear increase in LS for the 8 years. As expected, the results showed significant random variation in both intercept and slope, indicating that participants start at different levels and change at different rates.
Conclusion
This was an annotated bibliography of some four articles. The articles revolve around old age and the well-being of the elderly. Some of the findings stated that better social support from family and friends improves activities of daily living. Also, health promotion has a direct influence on self-esteem.
Reference
de Guzman, A. B., Golosinda, D. A. F., & Gonzales, C. P. R. (2019). What shapes the self-esteem of elderly Filipinos working beyond the retirement age? A structural equation model (SEM). Educational Gerontology, 45(1), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2019.1579950
Gana, K., Bailly, N., Saada, Y., Joulain, M., & Alaphilippe, D. (2013). Does life satisfaction change in old age: Results from an 8-year longitudinal study. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(4), 540-552. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs093
Martin, P., Kelly, N., Kahana, B., Kahana, E., Willcox, B. J., Willcox, D. C., & Poon, L. W. (2015). Defining successful aging: A tangible or elusive concept?. The Gerontologist, 55(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu044
van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Vermote, B., Waterschoot, J., Soenens, B., Morbée, S., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2021). The role of ego integrity and despair in older adults’ well-being during the COVID-19 crisis: the mediating role of need-based experiences. European Journal of Ageing, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-021-00610-0