‘Why did the United States wage a lengthy war for control of the Philippines?
At the turn of the century, Lodge, Beveridge, and Roosevelt worried that American men were abdicating their domestic authority, thus causing women to become more active in public life. Like Fernald, the imperial pub- licist and exponent of domesticity for women, all three deplored women’s growing political presence and insisted that electoral politics should remain a male preserve. . . .
Believing that the refinement and purity of such women as [his wife] Anna Lodge depended on their distance from ugly political and commercial struggles, Henry Cabot Lodge and his like-minded allies on the imperial is- sue preached men’s responsibility to shelter and protect women. . . . For his part, Roosevelt maintained that a healthy state relied on women’s domes- ticity as well as men’s heroism. “The woman must be the housewife, the helpmeet of the homemaker, the wise and fearless mother of many healthy
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