Sources of Stress Former success Rise in chronic illness
Nonrecognition by modern providers of the meanings of HEALTH, ILLNESS, and HEALING traditions
Scientific and Technological Developments
Sophisticated, costly technology Experimental treatments Follow-on biologics
Steeped in ethnocultural HEALTH- related traditions
Cultural Pressures “Scientific progress” Antithetical at times to allopathic practice
High quality = best available in diagnosis and treatment Assumption = better to come
Patient may be seen as “noncomplier” or to not appreciate provider efforts
Medicalization of Life
Apply medical model and technologies to problems historically not thought of as medical in nature
Apply knowledge to entire sociocultural and HEALTH context of patients
Medicine and Society
Fed by large amounts of money— public and private; influenced by social mores, values, and economics; and a substrate of dominant culture
Many traditions neither recognized nor known within the dominant culture
Many beliefs and practices hidden
Define health/ HEALTH
Health = “the experience of well- being and integrity of mind and body”
HEALTH = “the balance of the person, both within one’s being—physical, mental, and spiritual—and in the outside world—natural, communal, and metaphysical, is a complex, interrelated phenomenon”
Table 8–7 continued
Health and Illness in Modern Health Care ■ 203
Define illness/ ILLNESS
Malady, disease, illness, and sickness—loss of freedom or opportunity, or the loss of pleasure
ILLNESS = “the imbalance of one’s beings—physical, mental, and spiritual—and in the outside world—natural, communal, and metaphysical”