Original topic
Explain the interest group model of regulation.
Instructions
Each reply must be 300-400 words. You must include at least 1 citation for each reply. Current APA format must be used.
1st Student
TuesdayOct 5 at 1:50pm
Healthcare is extensively regulated. Before we can get into explaining the interest group model of regulation, it is first important to discuss regulation by itself when it comes to healthcare. Romans 13:1 says “Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God” (Beautiful World Bible, 2016). With this being said, it goes without saying that there are rules and regulations put into place in every aspect of society for several reasons. Regulations in the healthcare industry are a prime example of this. The area of regulation has witnessed considerable maturation over the past decades. Since the 1970s, with the introduction of the ‘economic theory of regulation’ and the rise of consumer, risk and environmental regulatory activity, it has developed into an international field of practice and research, expanding particularly in the 1980s and 1990s (Koop & Lodge, 2017).
Regulation has many definitions, but is regularly defined as sustained and focused control exercised by a public agency over activities that are valued by the community (Koop & Lodge, 2017). Regulation is very important, especially to healthcare managers for a few reasons. First, changes to regulations can make or break an organization. Second, in some circumstances, firms can use regulations to gain a competitive edge, especially when the regulations can be used to prevent entry by a potential rival. Third, claims of regulatory violations by competitors can delay or derail projects, even if the claims are ultimately dismissed. Next, managers need to understand that legislating and regulating are continuing political contests. Lastly, some regulations work poorly because they conflict with powerful financial incentives (Lee, 2019).
Now, it is okay to jump into the interest group model of regulation because we have a base understanding of the importance of regulation for healthcare managers. Interest groups are any institutionalized organization that engages in political activity relative to the process of making or influencing policy without explicitly trying to obtain or exercise the responsibility of government (Contandriopoulos, 2011).
Legislation and regulation reflect interest groups politics (Lee, 2019). The assumption among scholars measuring interest groups is that interest groups affect policy as a result of their direct interactions with legislators lubricated by campaign contributions (Finger, 2019). The theory is that interest group lobbyists “purchase” legislators’ votes on particular bills. However, it is unclear to what degree interest groups influence policy outcomes. Studies of group influence on policy making in the United States produce mixed, and oftentimes null, results (Finger, 2019).
When it comes to the interest group model of regulation, legislation need not serve the public interest. Given that groups can use regulations to expand their markets and gain market power, the interest group model of regulation argues that legislatures are similar to markets, in that individuals and groups seek regulations to further their interests (Lee, 2019). Interest groups engage in a variety of activities to affect public policy.
To show what this looks like in the healthcare industry, I found a great study that looked at interest group conflict over Medicaid expansion. The importance of this study comes from the pressure of interest groups and lobbyists on legislators, which is a third potential influence on Medicaid adoption (Callaghan & Jacobs, 2016). This study examined the potential economic, policy, and political influences on the decisions of the 50 US states to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. In the end, the 9201 lobbyists working on health care reform in state capitols exerted a strong and significant impact on Medicaid expansion. This study found that business and professional lobbyists exerted a negative effect on state Medicaid expansion and, unexpectedly, that public interest advocates exerted a positive effect (Callaghan & Jacobs, 2016). Overall, I just thought this would be a good addition to this discussion about the interest group model of regulation. It shows that this looks like in the healthcare field and is just one of many examples.
References
Beautiful World Bible. New International Version. (2016). Zondervan. (Original work published 1978)
Callaghan, T., & Jacobs, L. R. (2016). Interest Group Conflict Over Medicaid Expansion: The Surprising Impact of Public Advocates. American journal of public health, 106(2), 308–313. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302943
Contandriopoulos D. (2011). On the Nature and Strategies of Organized Interests in Health Care Policy Making. Administration & society, 43(1), 45–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399710390641
Finger, L. K. (2019). Interest group influence and the two faces of power. American Politics Research, 47(4), 852-886. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X18786723
Koop, C., & Lodge, M. (2017). What is regulation? An interdisciplinary concept analysis. Regulation & Governance, 11(1), 95-108.
Lee, R. H., Health Administration Press,, & Association of University Programs in Health Administration,. (2019). Economics for healthcare managers.
2nd Student
WednesdayOct 6 at 1:32pm
Sanctioning need not serve the public interest. Considering that social events can use rules to expand their business areas and gain market power, the vested party model of rule fights that boards resemble business areas, in that individuals and get-togethers search for rules to extra their benefits. Authoritative limits to competition are consistently in a manner that is superior to other high grounds since they are regularly harder for competitors to break (especially for new firms or firms from outside a zone, which have basically no political effect). Thing features can be duplicated and advancing plans can be recreated by even the most insignificant start-up firm, but immense, settled firms have a tremendous political bit of space. (Lee, 2019)
This article explains why parliamentary social affairs invite vested gatherings to the parliamentary field. It battles that vested gatherings’ induction to boards not simply reflects system makers’ prerequisite for information and range of abilities also party tendencies and institutional elements, for instance, the sort of government, parliamentary chamber construction, and leading group of trustee’s arrangement limit. Results show that vested gatherings’ permission to the parliamentary field increases under minority governments, by virtue of particularly conflictual issues, and when the quantity of enduring sheets of trustees increases. In like manner, results show that parliamentary social events invite interest affiliations following different reasonings – basic reasoning or confrontation reasoning – depending upon the sort of limits they need to perform – definitive and oversight works out. (Coen, 2019)
Vested gatherings are a huge channel through which associations can impart their methodology tendencies to bosses. In any case, observational investigation shows that the amount of vested gatherings changes broadly across regions. This article battles that the size and the wealth of the normal body electorate similarly as government activity unequivocally impact vested party thickness. This article tests a theoretical craving subject to an exceptional longitudinal assessment of vested gatherings that enlisted at the German Bundestag from 1978 until 2013 and shows that the number of firms, the plenitude of a monetary region, and government activity insistently sway vested party thickness. Regardless, the article similarly tracks down that the association between vested gatherings and legitimate activity is corresponding as authoritative activity determinedly impacts the number of vested gatherings in a financial region, but then vested party thickness furthermore positively impacts managerial development. (Klüver, 2019)
Using data on political spending in state races, this examination considers the capacity of political responsibilities by clinical consideration capable vested gatherings in states’ decisions to found word-related approving laws. These laws direct how different purposes for a living might function in clinical benefits markets and remembering that they clearly exist to get buyers, allowing laws can moreover shield specialists from competition in clinical consideration markets. Higher political spending by specialist vested gatherings fabricates the probability that a state keeps up approving laws restricting the demonstrations of clinical guardian specialists (NPS) and specialist accomplices (PAs). Then again, extended spending by crisis center vested gatherings fabricates the probability that a state licenses NPs and PAs to practice with more self-administration. Clinical orderly social events, which fuse get-togethers related with NPS, more modest impact allowing laws. Moreover, nonphysician get-togethers, which consolidate social events collaborated with PAs, no effect approving laws. (McMichael, 2017).
Titus 1:5 says “This is the reason I left you in Crete so you may put what stayed into request, and choose elderly folks in each town as I guided you.” (The Bible) The Bible examines how God supports requests. To have this request those with the information in some random field should be coordinated and should guarantee that others are too. These associations guarantee that any remaining individuals are considered responsible for their activities.
David Coen, Alexander Katsaitis. (2019) Legislative Efficiency and Political Inclusiveness: The Effect of Procedures on Interest Group Mobilization in the European Parliament. The Journal of Legislative Studies 25:2 pages 278-294.
Klüver , H., & Zeidler, E. (2019). Explaining Interest Group Density Across Economic Sectors: Evidence from Germany. Political Studies, 67(2), 459–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321718774685
Lee, R. H. (2019). Economics for healthcare managers (Fourth edition). Health Administration Press; Association of University Programs in Health Administration.
McMichael, B. (2017). The Demand for Healthcare Regulation: The Effect of Political Spending on Occupational Licensing Laws. Southern Economic Journal, 84(1), 297–316. https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12211
Discussion Board Post reply to two students
Student Name
University
Course
Professor Name
Date
Response to Amanda Parrish’s Post
Amanda’s post begins by discussing healthcare regulations and the importance of adhering to regulations. According to Vogenberg and Smart (2018), healthcare regulations are very important because they are generally meant to protect members of the public from poor health practices. Other regulations focus on improving welfare and public health by enhancing access to health services especially for vulnerable members of the community such as minorities and people living with disabilities. After defining healthcare regulations, the post describes the concept of the interest group model of regulation. I like that the post defines the term ‘interest groups’ including their roles in influencing policymaking. Although interest groups were initially meant to advance the interest of the public in policymaking, they can use their influence to facilitate the implementation of policies that serve personal interests.
I like that the post described an instance where conflict between interest groups influenced the implementation of Medicaid expansion. The example provided a clear picture of how interest groups use their resources and power to further their interests. Apart from the provided example, I feel that the post could also have linked the concept of the interest group model of regulation to influence the healthcare market. For instance, according to Lee (2019), interest groups may lobby for the implementation of policies that minimize competition in the marketplace. The Bible describes the importance of implementing fair laws. 1st Timothy 1:8-10 states, “Now we know that the law is good, if one uses it lawfully, understanding this, that the law is not laid down for the just but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who strike their fathers and mothers, for murderers, the sexually immoral, men who practice homosexuality, enslavers, liars, perjurers, and whatever else is contrary to sound doctrine” (English Standard Version Bible, 2001).
References
English Standard Version Bible. (2001). ESV Online. https://esv.literalword.com/
Lee, R. H. (2019). Economics for healthcare managers (4th ed.). AUPHA. ISBN: 9781640550488.
Vogenberg, F. R., & Smart, M. (2018). Regulatory Change Versus Legislation Impacting Health Care Decisions and Delivery. P & T: a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management, 43(1), 34–38.
Response to Stephanie Watson’s Post
The post begins by stating that regulations do not always serve the public’s interest because interest groups can use them to gain market power or to drive out their competition. I agree with this statement because Lee (2019) explains that in most cases, healthcare regulations are not implemented to protect the public. Interest groups often focus on controlling healthcare markets by implementing licensing requirements and other forms of regulations that control entry and exit into the market. According to Yam et al. (2020), members of the public still have a limited understanding of how medical regulations work. For instance, most members of the public feel that periodic assessment and renewal of licenses for medical professionals is done to protect people from incompetent professionals. However, Lee (2019) explains that licensing was used to limit market entry in dentistry. This example illustrates that licensing is often used to advance the agenda of interest groups rather than the public.
The article also explains the process that interest groups use when lobbying or advocating for the implementation of healthcare policies. As per Yam et al. (2020), the public is becoming more concerned about the role of interest groups in the development of healthcare policies. Legislations such as the Affordable Care Act have had positive implications in public health although issues such as high healthcare costs are still persistent. Christians should follow the law of God which is not biased since it focuses on helping everyone live quality lives. Psalms 19:7-9 states, “The law of the Lord is perfect, reviving the soul; the testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple; the precepts of the Lord are right, rejoicing the heart; the commandment of the Lord is pure, enlightening the eyes; the fear of the Lord is clean, enduring forever; the rules of the Lord are true, and righteous altogether” (English Standard Version Bible, 2001).
References
English Standard Version Bible. (2001). ESV Online. https://esv.literalword.com/
Lee, R. H. (2019). Economics for healthcare managers (4th ed.). AUPHA. ISBN: 9781640550488.
Yam, C., Wong, E., Griffiths, S., & Yeoh, E. (2017). Does the public think medical regulations keep them safe? International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 30(2), 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzx164