In this Assignment, you will identify clinical areas of interest and inquiry and practice searching for research in support of maintaining or changing these practices. You will also analyze this research to compare research methodologies employed.

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry. Keep in mind that the clinical issue you identify for your research will stay the same for the entire course.
Based on the clinical issue of interest and using keywords related to the clinical issue of interest, search at least four different databases in the Walden Library to identify at least four relevant peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical issue of interest. You should not be using systematic reviews for this assignment, select original research articles.
Review the results of your peer-reviewed research and reflect on the process of using an unfiltered database to search for peer-reviewed research.
Reflect on the types of research methodologies contained in the four relevant peer-reviewed articles you selected.
Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies

After reading each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, use the Matrix Worksheet template to analyze the methodologies applied in each of the four peer-reviewed articles. Your analysis should include the following:

The full citation of each peer-reviewed article in APA format.
A brief (1-paragraph) statement explaining why you chose this peer-reviewed article and/or how it relates to your clinical issue of interest, including a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest.
A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article.
A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the research methodology used. Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.
A brief (1- to 2-paragraph) description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected

Analyzing Research Methodologies

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliations

 

 

 

 

 

 

Analyzing Research Methodologies

Medical errors pose a significant threat to patient safety in clinical settings. Healthcare organizations always strive to keep incidences of medical errors low by identifying and addressing the contributing factors. They apply evidence-based interventions to address medical errors (Escrivá et al., 2019). Bari et al. (2016) have identified limited staff knowledge as one of the causes of medical errors in healthcare institutions. The best way to address limited staff knowledge is to implement educational programs targeting specific issues that contribute to medical errors (Kim et al., 2020). Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of staff education interventions in addressing medical errors. These studies have used different methodologies. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze research methodologies of studies that have examined the role played by staff education in reducing rates of medical errors in healthcare institutions.

Matrix Worksheet Template

 

Part 2: Research Methodologies

 

 

Full citation of selected article	Article #1	Article #2	Article #3	Article #4
	Pereira, R. A., de Souza, F. B., Rigobello, M. C. G., Pereira, R., Costa, L., & Gimenes, F. (2020). Quality improvement programme reduces errors in oral medication preparation and administration through feeding tubes. BMJ Open Quality, 9, e000882. doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000882.	Kim, Y. S., Kim, H. S., Kim, H. A., Chun, J., Kwak, M. J., Kim, M. S., Hwang, J. I., & Kim, H. (2020). Can patient and family education prevent medical errors? A descriptive study. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 269. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05083-y	Zakria, A., & Mohamed, S. (2017). Safety intervention educational program to reduce medication administration errors and interruptions. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 6(2), 15-25. doi: 10.9790/1959-0602031525.	Wondmieneh, A., Alemu, W., Tadele, N., & Demis, A. (2020). Medication administration errors and contributing factors among nurses: A cross sectional study in tertiary hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Nursing, 19, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-0397-0
Why you chose this article and/or how it relates to the clinical issue of interest (include a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest)	The reason for selecting this article is that it describes an investigation that examined how an educational program can be implemented to reduce incidences of medication errors in clinical settings. -It relates to the clinical issue of interest concerning reducing rates of medical errors through education.   -The researchers have observed ethics in the study by seeking ethical approval before collecting data. Again, they have obtained informed consent from study participants (Hokke et al., 2018).	This study was chosen because it explores the effectiveness of education that is offered to patients, families, and patient safety officers in the prevention of medical errors in medical institutions. -It effectively relates to the clinical issue of interest concerning the prevention of medical errors through education.   -The researchers have observed ethics by obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Konkuk University Hospital (KUH1280123). Furthermore, they have allowed study subjects to give consent before including them in the study (Hokke et al., 2018).	This article was chosen because it addresses how medication errors in hospital settings can be reduced by educating nurses on issues related to drug administration. -It relates to the clinical issue of interest because the investigators have explored the effects of staff training medication error rates.     -The researchers observed ethics of research by informing the participants abouts the risks and benefits of taking part in the study before allowing them to sign informed consent (Hokke et al., 2018).	The reason for selecting this article is that it has explored factors that contribute to medical errors in healthcare settings and how to address them. -The study relates to the clinical issue of interest because it examines the prevention of medication errors through an educational program.     -The institutional review board (IRB) gave ethical approval for the study before it was implemented. The study subjects also gave consent prior to the study (Hokke et al., 2018).
Brief description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article	The aim of this study was to implement an educational program during medication preparation and administration to determine whether it will minimize incidences of errors.	The study was conducted to assess the effects of patient, family, and staff education on rates of medical errors. The primary objective of the researchers was to identify specific elements that an educational program must contain to be able to increase participants’ knowledge regarding how to prevent medical errors.	The objective of the study was to examine the impacts of a staff educational program in reducing medication errors and in preventing interruptions during medication administration.	The researchers conducted the study with the aim of examining the degree by which numerous factors can lead to medication administration errors in healthcare settings.
Brief description of the research methodology used Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific.	The researchers used a quantitative approach to gather and analyze data. -They compared changes in outcome measures before and after the intervention.	-The investigators used a quantitative methodology in the study. They used a descriptive study design to examine the relationship between education and medical errors prevention. -The researchers analyzed data using two statistical approaches namely analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi square tests.	The researchers used a quantitative approach in the data collection process. -Data was collected using a standardized tool: a structured questionnaire. -The collected data has been analyzed statistically using SPSS and Epi info.	The researchers used the quantitative methodology in their article. -They collected data using a standardized tool called self-administered survey questionnaire and checklist. – After conducting multivariate analysis, the investigators applied the Hosmer-Lemeshow test to check the model of fitness.
A brief description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.	Strength: The researchers have strived to minimize bias by using a large sample size.   Weakness: The data collection process was concentrated on specific hospitals, a factor that might limit the generalizability of study findings   Validity and Reliability   The researchers have conducted content validity of tools by submitting them to experts for evaluation before administering them.   The researchers have not discussed issues of reliability in their study.	Strength: The researchers included in the study key people who always interact with patients during the care process both at home and in the hospital.   Weakness: The study was mainly based in Korean settings, a factor that might minimize the generalizability of study findings.     Validity and Reliability   The researchers have not discussed issues of validity in the article.     However, they have ensured the validity of the questionnaire by evaluating and determining its educational content at a value of .973.	Strength: The investigators divided the study into two phases to include pre- and post-interventions. This allowed them to easily compare the status of medication errors before and after the educational program was implemented.     Weakness: The researchers used a relatively small sample size which limits precision and power.   Validity and Reliability   The investigators managed to conduct validity testing to the tools by enabling nursing experts to proposed changes where necessary.   The reliability testing for the tools was done using Cronbach’s Alpha=0.882.	Strength: The investigators used a large sample size and randomly selected participants int the study thereby ensuring adequate representation of the total population and minimizing bias.   Weakness: The cross-sectional study design made it difficult for the researchers to draw a cause-and-effect association the study among variables.     Validity and Reliability   The validity of data was ensured through data triangulation.   The investigators conducted reliability testing using Cronbach’s Alpha (alpha=0.84).
General Notes/Comments	The use of a quantitative methodology has enabled the researchers to make conclusions based on facts.	Findings from the study can be used to direct the implementation of interventions aimed at reducing medical errors in healthcare settings.	The study presents evidence that can be used to improve the practice issue.	This article is relevant for the practice issue in question.

 

 

Conclusion

Analyzing the study methodologies used by researchers has provided insights into the validity of study findings. The reviewed articles have utilized quantitative approaches with different study designs. The use of quantitative approaches has enabled the researchers to make conclusions based on facts.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Escrivá, J., Brage Serrano, R. & Fernández Garrido, J. (2019). Medication errors and drug knowledge gaps among critical-care nurses: a mixed multi-method study. BMC Health Services Research, 19, 640. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4481-7

Hokke, S., Hackworth, N. J., Quin, N., Bennetts, S. K., Win, H. Y., & Nicholson, J. M. (2018). Ethical issues in using the internet to engage participants in family and child research: A scoping review. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0204572. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204572

Kim, Y. S., Kim, H. S., Kim, H. A., Chun, J., Kwak, M. J., Kim, M. S., Hwang, J. I., & Kim, H. (2020). Can patient and family education prevent medical errors? A descriptive study. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 269. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05083-y

Pereira, R. A., de Souza, F. B., Rigobello, M. C. G., Pereira, R., Costa, L., & Gimenes, F. (2020). Quality improvement programme reduces errors in oral medication preparation and administration through feeding tubes. BMJ Open Quality, 9, e000882. doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000882.

Wondmieneh, A., Alemu, W., Tadele, N., & Demis, A. (2020). Medication administration errors and contributing factors among nurses: A cross sectional study in tertiary hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Nursing, 19, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-0397-0

Zakria, A., & Mohamed, S. (2017). Safety intervention educational program to reduce medication administration errors and interruptions. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 6(2), 15-25. doi: 10.9790/1959-0602031525.