Part 1: Chart

• Use the chart template to analyze counseling theories (See Attached)
• Select two theories from this week’s Learning
• Chapter 3, “Psychoanalytic Theory”
• Chapter 4, “Jungian Analytical Theory”
• Chapter 5, “Adlerian Theory”
• Describe the background theory, human nature, major constructs, applications, and evaluations of each counseling theory.
• Powerpoint presentations attached

Part 2: Reflection (1 page)

• Describe a specific population of clients with whom you hope to work in the future.
• Explain which of the two theories in your chart would be the most effective in working with this client population and explain why.
• Describe the interventions you would suggest from this theory and how these interventions would assist this client population in reaching counseling goals.

Running head: ANALYZING THEORIES 1

PAGE

4

ANALYZING THEORIES

Analyzing Counseling Theories

Student Name

Walden University

Analyzing Counseling Theories

Part 1: Chart

	Theory 1: Name	Theory 2: Name
Background Theory	· Use only bullet points; no sentences—delete this before beginning your one page chart. The boxes will expand to accommodate your points.	·
Human Nature	·	·
Major Constructs	·	·
Applications	·	·
Evaluations	·	·
	Chapter Author, Year	Chapter Author, Year

Part 2: Reflection

I. Describe a specific population of clients with whom you hope to work in the future. Explain why you have chosen this population and what you hope to accomplish with this client base. (Note this point will remain the same on future papers, if you want to keep it. Please delete.)

II. Explain which one of the two theories in your chart would be the most effective in working with this client population and explain why.

III. Describe at least two interventions from your chosen theory you would suggest using and how these interventions would assist this client population in reaching counseling goals.

References

Dufrene, R. (2011). AdlerianTheory In D. Capuzzi & D. R. Gross (Eds.), Counseling and

psychotherapy: Theories and interventions (5th ed., pp. 95-117). Alexandria, VA:

American Counseling Association.

Finn, A. (2011). Jungian analytical theory. In D. Capuzzi & D. Gross (Eds.). Counseling and psychotherapy: Theories and interventions.(5th ed., pp. 77- 94). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

Johnson, A. (2011). Psychoanalytic theory. Haley, M. (2011). Gestalt therapy. In D. Capuzzi & D. Gross (Eds.). Counseling and psychotherapy: Theories and interventions. (5th ed., pp. 97- 76). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

Note: Be sure to change your references to reflect those you have cited in the assignment.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Chapter Three

Psychoanalytic Theory

Adrianne L. Johnson

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Introduction

• Psychoanalytic theory is based on the concept that individuals are unaware of the many factors that cause their maladaptive behaviors and discomforting emotions.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Introduction

• Psychoanalytic treatment is highly individualized and seeks to show how early childhood experiences have impacted the formative aspects of our personality development.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Introduction

• The techniques and strategies used in this approach are used to illustrate to the client how unconscious thoughts and defenses formed early in life affect behavior patterns, relationships, and overall mental health.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Introduction

• The general goals of psychodynamic counseling are client self-awareness and understanding of the influence of the past on present behavior. and correction of the client’s distortion is often the primary focus of therapeutic treatment.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Introduction

• While traditional psychoanalysis has adhered to conventional techniques to achieve counseling goals, the theory has evolved to include multicultural considerations and implications for managed care to enhance the theory’s effectiveness with a greater number of clients.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Background

• Psychoanalytic theory was an enormously influential force during the first half of the twentieth century, and was based on the pioneering work of Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939).

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Background

• Throughout Freud’s professional career, his ideas regarding unconscious motivations, psychosexual development, and dynamic insights regarding coping mechanisms dominated psychological explanations of how the human mind works.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Background

• While visiting Paris in 1885 on a traveling fellowship, he began to study physiology as a dynamic system influenced by neurology. Greatly intrigued by this concept, he deserted the exclusive practice of family medicine and instead devoted his life to medical pathology, primarily exploring the potential of hypnosis, free association, and dream analysis as cures for a constellation of unusual symptoms he observed in patients.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Background

• The famed patient ‘Anna O.’ led Freud to popularize the concept of the ‘talking cure,’ or the free flowing catharsis of symptoms and their possible origins.

• Freud suggested that many psychological conditions were found to greatly improve once repressed trauma and their related emotions were expressed using the talking cure.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Background

• During his early 40’s, Freud engaged in his own self-analysis, and channeled his creative energy on processing the meaning of his own dreams. This was a challenging task, and he developed many of his formative theories during this period.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Background

• One such theory was that of personality development. Freud concluded that personality is formed through early childhood experiences, and those experiences are responsible for the individual’s functioning through one’s adult life.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Human Nature

• Psychoanalytic theory suggests that behavior is largely determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological, or instinctual, drives.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Human Nature

• Humans are conceptualized largely in terms of biology and maladaptive behaviors are symptomatic of a subconscious response to social interactions which the mind interprets as unsafe, thereby threatening the stability of the human personality structure.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Human Nature

• The mind interprets social interactions within a framework shaped largely by early life experiences and subsequent functioning is dependent upon the humans’ capacity to cope healthfully on a subconscious level.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

The Id, the Ego, and the Superego

• Id: The instinctual and biological drives of the psyche.

• Super-Ego: The critical, moralizing function.

• Ego: The organized, realistic part which mediates and seeks a balance between the former two

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

The Id

• The Id comprises the unorganized part of the personality structure that contains the basic drives and it is the only component of personality that is present from birth. According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary component of personality.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

The ID

• The id functions on the pleasure principle, which emphasizes wants and desires and instant self-gratification, and if not satisfied immediately, the result is a state anxiety or tension.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

The SUPEREGO

• The superego, which strives to act in a moral, socially appropriate manner, directly contradicts the id, which demands instant self-gratification. The superego works to suppress the urges of the id and strives for morality, regardless of contextual circumstances.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

The SUPEREGO

• There are two parts to the superego: The first is the ego-ideal, and includes the rules and standards for good behaviors.

• The second part is the conscience, which includes information about things that are viewed as bad by parents and society.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

The EGO

• The ego is the largely unconscious part of personality that mediates the demands of the id the superego.

• The ego prevents us from acting on our basic urges (created by the id), but also works to achieve a balance with our moral and idealistic standards (created by the superego).

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

The EGO

• The ego is the component of personality that is responsible for helping an individual cope with reality.

• The ego develops from the id and ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

The EGO

• The ego functions on the reality principle, which strives to satisfy the id’s desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

Psychosexual Development

• Freud believed that personality develops through a series of childhood stages during which the pleasure-seeking energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous areas.

• Psychosexual energy, or libido, is suggested to be the driving force behind behavior.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

Psychosexual Development

• At particular points in the developmental process, a single body part is particularly sensitive to sexual, erotic stimulation. These erogenous zones are the mouth, the anus, and the genital region.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

Psychosexual Development

• A child at a given stage of development has certain needs and demands and if these psychosexual stages are completed successfully, the result is a healthy personality.

Melinda Haley, Ph.D. Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions

Psychoanalytic Theory

Major Constructs

Psychosexual Development

• However, frustration occurs when these needs are not met and if certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage, the individual will become fixated and will remain stuck until this conflict is resolved…….