The Changing Workplace 549
Ford Motor Company 549 External Forces Shaping the Workplace 552
Demographic Change 553 Technological Change 555 Structural Change 556 Competitive Pressures 558 Reorganization of Work 560
Government Intervention 562 Development of Labor Regulation in the United States 562
Work and Worker Protection in Japan and Europe 569
Japan 569 Europe 570
Labor Regulation in Perspective 572 Concluding Observations 572 Case Study: A Tale of Two Raids 575
Pollution 438 Human Health 439 The Biosphere 440
Industrial Activity and Sustainability 442 Ideas Shape Attitudes Toward the Environment 444
New Ideas Challenge the Old 445 Environmental Regulation in the United States 447
The Environmental Protection Agency 447 Principal Areas of Environmental Policy 448
Air 448 Water 458 Land 459
Concluding Observations 463 Case Study: A World Melting Away 464
Chapter 14 Managing Environmental Quality 476
The Commerce Railyards 476 Regulating Environmental Risk 479 Analyzing Human Health Risks 479
Risk Assessment 480 Risk Management 486
Cost–Benefit Analysis 487 Advantages 488 Criticisms 489
Control Options 491 Command-and-Control Regulation 491 Market Incentive Regulation 492
Voluntary Regulation 498 Managing Environmental Quality 499
Environmental Management Systems 500 A Range of Actions 501
Concluding Observations 503 Case Study: Harvesting Risk 503
PART SEVEN Consumerism
Chapter 15 Consumerism 512
Harvey W. Wiley 512
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PART NINE Corporate Governance